Tobacco has higher moisture requirements during the growth period, and it will significantly affect tobacco leaf yield and quality if it is exposed to drought stress. China is a country with a shortage of water resources. The spatial and temporal distribution of water resources is uneven. In recent years, some of China’s tobacco regions have suffered severe droughts. The frequency and scope of droughts have increased, and the duration and losses suffered have increased. Great influence. By solving the drought problems encountered during the growing season by constructing water conservancy facilities, although the effect is good, the cost is too high. In the short term, it is difficult to achieve complete irrigation in the tobacco fields, and it is undesirable in some tobacco areas. Therefore, for the moment, the adoption of relevant agronomic measures to improve the growth of tobacco plants is still the main way to improve water demand.
Pay attention to the choice of varieties
Smoke areas suffering from severe drought should focus on selecting varieties such as Yunyan 87 and K346 with stronger drought resistance. It is worth noting that when selecting drought-resistant varieties, localities must comprehensively consider their local ecological conditions and other factors.
Strengthening soil management in tobacco fields
Excellent soil has the effect of water conservation, heat preservation and fertilizer increase, but in recent years, with the expansion of the scale of tobacco cultivation, more and more inorganic fertilizers have been used. In addition, improper planting systems and methods have resulted in the decline of soil fertility in tobacco fields and soil compaction. The phenomenon is getting worse. Therefore, how to improve the current capacity of water storage and soil conservation is an important part of our development of tobacco drought-resistant cultivation techniques.
Improved soil 1 gradually increase the application amount of organic fertilizer and reduce the use of inorganic fertilizer. At present, there are more and more researches on organic fertilizers in improving soil properties. Integrating the research results, the efficacy of organic fertilizers in soil improvement is mainly to improve the structure and porosity of soil. And reduce its weight. The water retention performance of the soil is improved, and the air permeability is also enhanced. In addition, the nutrient contents of the soil such as nitrogen, phosphorus and organic matter can also be increased. 2 Plant suitable green manure or economical green manure, and turn green manure right over time. In recent years, some regions in Chongqing have vigorously promoted the cultivation of green manure and achieved very good results.
Optimizing land preparation for tobacco field preparation is an important measure to improve soil conditions. It can significantly improve soil physical properties and plough layer structure, improve soil fertility and prevent soil-borne pests and diseases. The method of soil preparation and the quality of the soil have directly or indirectly affected the growth and development of tobacco and the quality of tobacco leaves. Therefore, you should do a good job in the field preparation of tobacco fields:
(1) Grasping the climate characteristics, soil characteristics, and front-row crops of the acceptor-producing areas in the cultivated land during the cultivated period of the cultivated land. Generally speaking, in dry-land tobacco growing areas, cropland is generally harvested after the first harvest, and cropland is exterminated as soon as possible. In addition, when the cultivated land is determined, it must be based on the ploughability of the soil, and the general structure is poor or the clay content is high, and the texture is heavy. However, the difficult-to-till tobacco fields require early ploughing, and the effects of freezing, thawing, and alternation between wet and dry conditions will encourage soil pelletization or agglomeration.
2 Grasp the depth of cultivated land It is generally believed that deep plowing is better than shallow plowing. According to the research of the Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, proper deep plowing is conducive to the growth of tobacco roots. Under the same conditions, the root distribution range of tobacco and the root volume of tobacco increase with the depth of cultivated land, and the root system is developed, and the root activity is Strong, thus improving the ability of tobacco roots to absorb nutrients and moisture. Therefore, in general, tobacco fields are plowed to a depth of 20 to 30 cm, and deep plowing is performed every 2 to 3 years to break the plow bottom layer. In addition, in the lower fertility tobacco fields, the depth of cultivation can be appropriately increased, while in the higher fertility tobacco fields, it should not be too deep.
Doing strong seedling transplanting
Strong seedlings refer to tobacco seedlings with good growth and development, normal metabolism, rich organic substance synthesis, accumulation, abundant contents, coordinated carbon and nitrogen ratio, strong resistance, and high survival rate of transplanting. According to this, Henan Agricultural University proposed the characteristics of floating seedlings for flue-cured tobacco seedlings: 60 to 70 days of seedling age, well-developed root systems, more than 300 strips, 7 to 9 leaves per plant, 8 to 16 cm stem height, stems Peri 1.5 ~ 2.1%, dry weight of the roots reached more than 0.05 grams, dry weight above the ground to reach more than 0.46 grams. By transplanting strong seedlings, the use of tobacco seedlings for transplanting can be improved. After transplanting, the soil moisture in the tillage layer can be used as early as possible to enhance the drought resistance of tobacco plants, and to a certain extent, the field growth in the dry-hot tobacco area can be reduced. Insufficient natural precipitation caused negative effects on the growth and development of tobacco plants.
Improved cultivation techniques
Tobacco cultivation technology is based on the production of quality tobacco leaves with different quality characteristics and yield and quality indicators. Its purpose is to coordinate the relationship between tobacco growth and development and environmental conditions, and the relationship between groups and individuals. Tobacco cultivation technology covers many topics, including transplanting, water and fertilizer management, and cultivation regulation technologies. The tobacco cultivation techniques under drought conditions should also be improved on this basis.
1. Transplantation First, according to the local precipitation rule, determine an optimal transplanting period, so that the tobacco water requirement law is consistent with the precipitation law, so that it can effectively use precipitation to avoid the drought period. The second is the ridge planting method used for transplanting. The ridge planting has thicker loose soil cover, and improves the water, fertilizer, gas and heat conditions of the soil. It is beneficial to the growth of the root system and the aboveground parts of the tobacco plant. At the end of the transplanting period, strong, well-developed tobacco seedlings should be used, and transplanting should be carried out by means of transplanting after watering, that is, watering.
2. There are two main methods of covering with cover cultivation, covering with plastic film and straw. Cover cultivation has a very important role in tobacco drought-resistant cultivation. Cover cultivation can improve the temperature and moisture conditions of the soil and near the ground, increase soil temperature, maintain soil moisture, improve soil properties, increase soil nutrient supply status, and fertilizer utilization.
3. Improved fertilization techniques 1 Base fertilizer is mainly organic fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer and potash fertilizer are all used as base fertilizer. Nitrogen fertilizer is applied at 80%-90% as base fertilizer, and other fertilizers are timely applied according to soil moisture content. 2 Autumn Bottom Fertilization Combined with the last autumn ploughing, the base fertilizer (including organic fertilizer and chemical fertilizer) was applied to the farmland. Appropriate depth of fertilization is suitable for 20-25 cm. 3 The application amount of high-quality organic manure fertilizer should be more than 37,500 kilograms per hectare, and promote the use of (or less) manure compost and straw gasket fertilizer.
4. Timely cultivation of cultivating soil and cultivating soil can all play a role in loosening the soil, storing water, protecting soil moisture, and promoting the growth of tobacco roots. In drought-prone areas, poorly irrigated tobacco fields should be used for early drought, medium tillage, and high-cultivation soils to prevent drought and drought.
5. Appropriate use of growth regulator 1 paclobutrazol can reduce the synthesis of endogenous hormones in plants within a certain period of time, inhibit the tip tobacco seedlings dominance and cell elongation, promote root mass growth, and can increase leaf stomatal resistance, reduce the transpiration of tobacco seedlings. Strength, so that drought resistance significantly increased. 2The fulvic acid tobacco test proved that FA can indeed increase leaf water potential and relative water content, reduce stomatal conductance and transpiration rate, reduce evapotranspiration and enhance root activity, and effectively reduce the damage of drought stress under drought stress. This can improve the drought resistance of tobacco plants. Sex, with good results. FA treatment improved the drought resistance of tobacco plants. Treatment with 100 ml FA was the most effective, followed by 200 mm foliar spray. In addition, there are some growth regulators that can enhance the drought resistance of tobacco plants, such as growth retardants such as chlormequat and abscisic acid.
Urinary System Test,Urine Analysis System,Urine Calcium Test Strip,Urinalysis Equipments
Changchun Medicon Technology Development Co., Ltd , https://www.teststrip.pl