1. The demand for fertilizers and fertilizers from grapes is higher than that of most other fruit tree species. The demand for potassium exceeds that of nitrogen and phosphorus. It is called “potassium plantsâ€; it is sensitive to chloride ions; grapes are sprayed with calcium fertilizers. To improve the post-harvest quality of fruit and prolong the storage period.
The absorption of nitrogen from grapes starts from the time of germination, and the demand for nitrogen is greatest from the leaf development to the flowering stage; the absorption of phosphorus is greatest during the vigorous growth of new shoots and berry expansion, and during the ripening of berries, Phosphorus transfers to the fruit in large amounts. After harvesting, the phosphorus content in stems and leaves and in the root system increases again; potassium is absorbed throughout the growing season, but as the berries inflate, the potassium uptake increases significantly; grape leaves In the face of iron absorption and operation are very slow, the spraying of ferrous sulfate compounds on the leaves is not effective, and the demand for boron is greatest before and after flowering.
2. Fertilization of grapes should be targeted according to the requirements of the grapes for fertilizer and fertilizer absorption and the local soil fertility.
(1) Basal fertilizers are mostly applied after the harvest of autumn grapes. According to many years of production experience, it is feasible to determine the amount of organic fertilizer used in production. The usual standard is to apply 2 kg of organic fertilizer per kilogram of fruit.
The application method of basal fertilizer is mainly applied by pool surface application or furrow application, or alternately by two methods.
Grapes grown on the surface of the planting trellis are generally accustomed to the method of surface application. When fertilizing, the top soil in the pool is taken out of a layer of 15-30 cm thick, slightly shallower near the plant, and gradually deepens outwards, taking the principle of less injury to the root. Spread the fertilizer evenly into the pool, then fill the topsoil back to the ground level.
Grooves are used to dig trenches, wheel grooves, or radial grooves at 50-100cm from the roots. The scaffolding can be planted under the stands and racks. Each year, fertilization takes place alternately, and the width and depth of each groove are 30-40 inches. Fertilizer is applied. After the cover soil. The depth, width, and distance from the root of the ditch can be retracted according to the depth and distance of the root system.
(2) Soil topdressing of soil topdressing grapes is generally performed 2-4 times per year.
Fertilizer before budding can promote germination of buds and reduce bleeding. Top dressings are dominated by nitrogen fertilizers.
In the period before flowering, shoot growth and inflorescence continue to differentiate require large amounts of nutrients, and the absorption of phosphate fertilizer is large during the flowering period. Topdressing types should be dominated by nitrogen and phosphorus, with appropriate amount of potash fertilizer, and avoid following only nitrogen fertilizer.
During the berry growing period, the underground roots, shoots, and fruits of the shoot are growing rapidly, and flower buds also begin to differentiate, requiring large amounts of nutrients. Fertilizers are mainly phosphorus and potash fertilizers, with nitrogen fertilizer, human waste, diammonium phosphate, and cooked cake fat.
Berry coloring period The berry enters the mature stage and the volume no longer increases significantly. The tree body also begins to accumulate and transform nutrients. The topdressing fertilizers are mainly phosphorus and potash fertilizers, with a small amount of nitrogen fertilizer.
In the case of adequate organic fertilizers, the application amounts of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and other large-scale elemental fertilizers are as follows: 1-3 kg of superphosphate are mixed per 100 kg of organic fertilizer, and applied to the deep layers of the soil with autumn base fertilizer. Other fast-acting fertilizers will top up 1-3kg per 100kg of fruit. The quality of organic fertilizer is good, and the topdressing amount of fertilizer can be controlled at 100kg fruit application 1-2kg; the quality of organic fertilizer is poor and can be increased to 2-3?.
Soil topdressing, usually in the upper part of the root system (40-50cm from the plant) digging depth of about 10cm ring shallow ditch or hole, apply fertilizer into the soil, irrigation.
(3) Extra-root topdressing can be performed according to grape growth and deficiency conditions. For reasons such as excessive fruiting in the first year of the grape, the tree has insufficient nutrients for storage, and yellowing of leaves occurs in early spring. At this point, 0.2%-0.3% urea plus 0.1%-0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate should be sprayed. Spraying 3 times continuously in 10-15 days will allow the foliage to change from yellow to green quickly. Dipotassium dihydrogen phosphate can meet the needs of early growth of phosphorus. Grape deficiencies often occur chlorotic dehydration, foliar spray 0.1% -0.2% magnesium sulfate solution works well; spray before flowering 0.1% -0.3 % of borax can increase fruit setting rate; foliar spraying of about 0.1% of zinc sulfate can significantly increase fruit weight and increase yield; before harvesting, calcium spray can improve fruit quality and prolong storage period.
The extra-root topdressing is better on sunny mornings or late afternoons. Because the temperature is lower and the solution evaporates slowly, the fertilizer can be fully absorbed by the shoots, leaves, and fruits of the shoots. Spraying fertilizer on hot and dry noon or overcast days is prone to injury.
The absorption of nitrogen from grapes starts from the time of germination, and the demand for nitrogen is greatest from the leaf development to the flowering stage; the absorption of phosphorus is greatest during the vigorous growth of new shoots and berry expansion, and during the ripening of berries, Phosphorus transfers to the fruit in large amounts. After harvesting, the phosphorus content in stems and leaves and in the root system increases again; potassium is absorbed throughout the growing season, but as the berries inflate, the potassium uptake increases significantly; grape leaves In the face of iron absorption and operation are very slow, the spraying of ferrous sulfate compounds on the leaves is not effective, and the demand for boron is greatest before and after flowering.
2. Fertilization of grapes should be targeted according to the requirements of the grapes for fertilizer and fertilizer absorption and the local soil fertility.
(1) Basal fertilizers are mostly applied after the harvest of autumn grapes. According to many years of production experience, it is feasible to determine the amount of organic fertilizer used in production. The usual standard is to apply 2 kg of organic fertilizer per kilogram of fruit.
The application method of basal fertilizer is mainly applied by pool surface application or furrow application, or alternately by two methods.
Grapes grown on the surface of the planting trellis are generally accustomed to the method of surface application. When fertilizing, the top soil in the pool is taken out of a layer of 15-30 cm thick, slightly shallower near the plant, and gradually deepens outwards, taking the principle of less injury to the root. Spread the fertilizer evenly into the pool, then fill the topsoil back to the ground level.
Grooves are used to dig trenches, wheel grooves, or radial grooves at 50-100cm from the roots. The scaffolding can be planted under the stands and racks. Each year, fertilization takes place alternately, and the width and depth of each groove are 30-40 inches. Fertilizer is applied. After the cover soil. The depth, width, and distance from the root of the ditch can be retracted according to the depth and distance of the root system.
(2) Soil topdressing of soil topdressing grapes is generally performed 2-4 times per year.
Fertilizer before budding can promote germination of buds and reduce bleeding. Top dressings are dominated by nitrogen fertilizers.
In the period before flowering, shoot growth and inflorescence continue to differentiate require large amounts of nutrients, and the absorption of phosphate fertilizer is large during the flowering period. Topdressing types should be dominated by nitrogen and phosphorus, with appropriate amount of potash fertilizer, and avoid following only nitrogen fertilizer.
During the berry growing period, the underground roots, shoots, and fruits of the shoot are growing rapidly, and flower buds also begin to differentiate, requiring large amounts of nutrients. Fertilizers are mainly phosphorus and potash fertilizers, with nitrogen fertilizer, human waste, diammonium phosphate, and cooked cake fat.
Berry coloring period The berry enters the mature stage and the volume no longer increases significantly. The tree body also begins to accumulate and transform nutrients. The topdressing fertilizers are mainly phosphorus and potash fertilizers, with a small amount of nitrogen fertilizer.
In the case of adequate organic fertilizers, the application amounts of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and other large-scale elemental fertilizers are as follows: 1-3 kg of superphosphate are mixed per 100 kg of organic fertilizer, and applied to the deep layers of the soil with autumn base fertilizer. Other fast-acting fertilizers will top up 1-3kg per 100kg of fruit. The quality of organic fertilizer is good, and the topdressing amount of fertilizer can be controlled at 100kg fruit application 1-2kg; the quality of organic fertilizer is poor and can be increased to 2-3?.
Soil topdressing, usually in the upper part of the root system (40-50cm from the plant) digging depth of about 10cm ring shallow ditch or hole, apply fertilizer into the soil, irrigation.
(3) Extra-root topdressing can be performed according to grape growth and deficiency conditions. For reasons such as excessive fruiting in the first year of the grape, the tree has insufficient nutrients for storage, and yellowing of leaves occurs in early spring. At this point, 0.2%-0.3% urea plus 0.1%-0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate should be sprayed. Spraying 3 times continuously in 10-15 days will allow the foliage to change from yellow to green quickly. Dipotassium dihydrogen phosphate can meet the needs of early growth of phosphorus. Grape deficiencies often occur chlorotic dehydration, foliar spray 0.1% -0.2% magnesium sulfate solution works well; spray before flowering 0.1% -0.3 % of borax can increase fruit setting rate; foliar spraying of about 0.1% of zinc sulfate can significantly increase fruit weight and increase yield; before harvesting, calcium spray can improve fruit quality and prolong storage period.
The extra-root topdressing is better on sunny mornings or late afternoons. Because the temperature is lower and the solution evaporates slowly, the fertilizer can be fully absorbed by the shoots, leaves, and fruits of the shoots. Spraying fertilizer on hot and dry noon or overcast days is prone to injury.
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