The overall growth of wheat is better
This year, China’s grain production has started well. Winter wheat sown area has increased by more than 10 million mu, which has reversed the continuous decline since 1998. According to the Crop Management Division of the Ministry of Agriculture, the current return of winter wheat to the country is basically better than the same period of last year and the same year. The soil is full of moisture and the growth is generally good, laying the foundation for the increase of summer grain.
At present, the winter wheat in the northwest and north China is in the jointing stage, the Huanghuai region is in the heading stage, the Jianghuai region is in the grain filling stage, and the southwest region is in the milk ripening stage. Recently, one type of winter wheat in China accounted for 45.5% of the total sown area, an increase of 9.2 percentage points year-on-year; the second type of seedlings and the three types of seedlings accounted for 38.8% and 15.7%, respectively, down 2.7 and 6.5 percentage points year-on-year respectively. In the 10 major winter wheat producing provinces, provinces with a percentage increase of more than 10 percentage points are Shaanxi, Shandong, Hebei, Henan and Shanxi.
The survey results of the wheat expert guidance group of the Ministry of Agriculture showed that the characteristics of summer grain production this year are outstanding. First, the weather during the growing period of winter wheat is changeable. Second, the recovery of wheat growth is currently good, and the third is the high rate of field management technology.
Influencing factors can not be ignored
Professor Yu Zhenwen, head of the wheat expert guidance group of the Ministry of Agriculture, said that due to the increase of uncertainties such as natural disasters, there are still some threats to the summer harvest of wheat.
Yu Zhenwen's analysis is that the risk of lodging is high. Due to the large population of some wheat fields, the internodes of the base were elongated and the lodging resistance was weakened. Second, there are many hidden dangers of pests and diseases. It is predicted that the occurrence of diseases and insect pests such as stripe rust, powdery mildew, head blight, and locust will show a moderate tendency in this year. At present, the western provinces have seen an epidemic trend, with the occurrence area increasing by 15% from last year and the occurrence period being more than 15 days earlier. With the temperature rising, the pests and diseases such as stripe rust in the western and Huanghuai wheat areas may become more popular. The third is the severe juncture in the late period. Before the wheat was harvested, the growth of wheat in the Huanghuai wheat area was also baptized with strong winds and dry hot winds. The JAC wheat area also had severe weather such as continuous rain, high temperature, and bad weather. Dry elephants occur in some areas. If it fails to respond, it will have a big impact on the output of summer grain.
According to the investigation of the plant protection station of the Henan Provincial Department of Agriculture, wheat strip rust has been spotted in 15 counties (cities) in Nanyang, Zhoukou, Zhumadian, and Shangqiu, etc., and has rapidly spread. According to the Hubei Provincial Department of Agriculture, wheat strip rust disease has rapidly expanded in key wheat producing areas such as Xiangfan, Shiyan, Jingmen, Yichang, and Enshi. By early April, the disease area in the province has reached more than 180 million mu.
According to a follow-up survey conducted by experts of soil and fertilizer at the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences in Luancheng, Hebei, due to the low ground temperature in spring this year, the return of green wheat in the region was delayed by 10 days compared with previous years, and the first quarter of wheat was longer than in previous years, and during the second quarter, Not long, stems are soft. There are 12-16 sections of winter wheat, and the second quarter is the key. If no measures are taken, hot dry weather will be encountered in June, which may cause a large area of ​​wheat lodging, seriously affecting wheat production and quality.
Field Management Note
The wheat expert guidance group of the Ministry of Agriculture has suggested that current fertilizer and water management and pest and disease control should be well-intentioned to ensure a good summer harvest.
The first is to ensure fertilizer and water supply. In jointing stage, the demand for wheat fertilizer and water is large, and part of the flourishing wheat grows in the early period. The winter and early spring freeze injury are heavier. At present, there are still some groups of frozen wheat fields, and some of the fields show yellow leaf defertilization, thus ensuring the supply of fertilizer and water. It plays an important role in increasing the number of effective stems, grains, and increasing grain weight.
The second is to strengthen pest prediction, forecasting and prevention. Stripe rust persisted in the "five days of a survey, ten days a report", the peak of the popular period "three days a check, five days a report." The late fertilizer and mixed spray, a spray and more defense. Vigorously promote the use of mixed fertilizers such as fertility factor, strong production factor and potassium dihydrogen phosphate, urea and carbendazim, triadimefon, and omethoate to increase the seed setting rate and grain weight.
The third is to do a good job of wheat seed production management. Wheat subsidy provinces (districts) of the agricultural sector should determine the leading varieties early, strengthen the production management of seed fields, and implement good measures such as purification and rejuvenation to ensure the quality and quantity of seed for autumn and winter.
Experts from the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences suggest that farmers in the winter wheat area should take urgent measures to supplement potassium fertilizer. The specific method is: spray the concentration of 1% potassium nitrate solution on wheat leaves, 30 kilograms per mu, and spray it once more for 3-5 days after the first spray. There is less investment in potassium nitrate spray and the effect is significant. The cost is about RMB 1/mu.
In response to the problem of low-temperature wheat growth in spring this year, the experts proposed the following suggestions to farmers: In the past, the one-time application of potassium fertilizers for basic fertilizers could leave half of the fertilizer applied from the late stage of wheat production to the initial stage of jointing, and the primary spraying of potassium nitrate may be used instead of paclobutrazol ( A hormone, etc., can also ensure the need for nitrogen and potassium in wheat during this time.
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