Freshwater grouper (Cichlasoma managnense), native to Nicaragua, Central America, is a cichlid fish. In 1988, it was introduced into Taiwan Province of China. It is a common freshwater culture species in southern Taiwan. In 1999, Jinan City Institute of Freshwater Aquaculture was introduced. Its fast growth, low oxygen tolerance, strong disease resistance, and beautiful appearance, delicious meat, rich nutrition, both as commercial fish and can be used as ornamental fish species, is a very worthwhile variety.
Freshwater grouper 1 is young in winter and individuals can lay eggs at more than 100 grams. The spawning habits, like tilapia, dig a lot of nests at the bottom of the pond (the bottom of the cement pool will be produced directly at the bottom of the pool). In general, eggs can be laid at temperatures above 20°C. After spawning, females guard the fertilized eggs, and the males play cooperatively. After the fertilized eggs, the female fertilizes the fertilized eggs, and the males also cooperate with each other. Fertilized eggs are dark yellow-green, opaque, viscous, scattered in the bottom of the pool, rarely overlap, at a water temperature of 26-29 ° C, 48 hours after hatching larvae. The newly hatched larvae have a total length of 0.58-0.60 cm. The clusters continue to move at the bottom of the pool. At a water temperature of 26-28°C, the yolk sac disappears on the 6th day after hatching. The larvae swim to the upper and middle water layer and no longer cluster at the bottom of the pool. . At this point you can use the fry net to pull out and enter the fry. Therefore, the pro-fish ponds are pulled once every 6-8 days. The carnivorous stage of the fish fry is very strong, and the individual differences will kill each other. Moreover, the broodstock has the phenomenon of swallowing fry. Therefore, it is necessary to implement multiple graded pond culture.
Breeding of freshwater grouper is mainly implemented in the following aspects:
First, the requirements of the cultivation pool
1. Land cultivation Because the freshwater grouper has the habit of having a towel wall, the bottom of the earth pool and the unevenness of the pool wall have hidden effects, so the area can be slightly larger, but it is generally not more than 1 mu. The water depth 1.0-1.5 meters, the pond can be planted a little water plants (bottom and surface grass can be, such as Vallisneria, water peanuts, water hyacinth, etc.).
2. Cement pond cultivation area is 30-80 m2, water depth is about 1.2 meters. Square or round ponds can be selected, requiring convenient irrigation and no dead ends.
Second, the Qingchi test water
Before fry stocking, the pool water shall be drained, and the clear pond shall be thoroughly disinfected with quick lime. After the clear pond is added, water shall be added 2-3 days later. When water is added, it shall be filtered with a 40-mesh sieve to prevent the enemy from entering the cultivation pond. Clear larvae can be stocked 7 days after the water is added to the clear pond, and test the water before stocking. 200-250 kg of fermented organic fertilizer was planted per acre before laying seedlings to cultivate zooplankton, so that the fish could eat natural foods in the pool.
Third, determine the stocking density The stocking specifications in the same pool should be neat, the same size. The stocking density is generally about 100/m2. According to the principle of feeding in different graded ponds, the stocking densities (tail/m2) of different specifications are as follows:
Specifications 1 cm below 1-3 cm 3-5 cm 6-10 cm
Density 150-200 100-150 80-100 60-80
Fourth, bait
1. The larvae of larvae of larval larvae are mainly zooplankton. In this case, rotifers, leeches, and other zooplankton should be cultivated according to the water color application fertilizer. Organic fertilizers or inorganic fertilizers can be applied to maintain a transparency of about 25 cm. More than 1 cm can be added to soy milk. Fry up to 2 cm above 15-20 days.
2. Freshwater grouper seedlings grow to more than 2 cm in size, and their feeding habits begin to change. At this time, they should be changed to fixed-point feeding. Can feed fish gizzards, quail, fly maggots and so on. I have been feeding dry worms that grow faster. After 3-5 days, it can be fed with artificial feed, and gradually increase the ratio of artificial feed until all artificial feeds are used. The daily amount of bait is about 20% of the fish's body weight, and it is fed 3 times daily.
3, artificial compound feed artificial compound feed protein content of 35% to 40%, animal protein should be more than 25%, other can add vegetable protein raw materials. The average bait coefficient can reach 0.8?1.2.
V. Daily management
1. Timely distribution of fish fry has habits of eating too much and killing each other. Therefore, when there is a large difference in growth specifications, it must be screened in time and grading and raising. The seedlings in the same pool require the same specifications so as not to affect the survival rate of the fry.
2, adjust the water quality in the fry breeding process, due to fertilization feeding, the residual fecal residue bait most vulnerable to water quality, for this cement pond should change the water every 3-5 days 1, each time the amount of water should be able to anti-pool bottom It is advisable to have dirty hands; land is changed 10-20 centimeters a week.
3. Sterilization After sifting, sterilize the sifted mesh. Use 5% salt water to soak the fish for 15-20 minutes, or spill the halogen-based disinfectant in the whole pool.
4. Inspect the fish's feeding, activities, water color changes, etc. in order to timely adjust the amount of feeding, and do fish disease prevention and control work.
After 1 month of cultivation, the freshwater grouper grows to about 10 cm and can be cultivated in the pond. After 5-7 months of cultivation, it can reach 300-400 grams.
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