The author recently surveyed the turtle farms in the suburbs of Hangzhou and Yuhang, and learned that adopting ecological culture of fish, shrimp and praying can achieve high yield and high efficiency. According to the production situation of polyculture of fish and shrimp in Xinhua Special Aquaculture Co., Ltd., Shiqiao Town, Hangzhou City, the output of alfalfa can reach 800-1000 kilograms per mu and the economic benefit can reach 6000-8000 yuan/mu. The ecological farming techniques are summarized as follows:
1 Pond conditions and equipment
1.1 Ponds: It is advisable to use a quiet environment with sunny leewards, convenient drainage and drainage, an area of ​​2-5 acres, a water depth of 1.5-2.0m, and shallow silt.
1.2 Anti-escape facilities: An anti-escape enclosing facility with a height of 30 cm or more must be installed around the pond. Anti-escape facilities can be built with bricks, stone blocks, and asbestos tiles. Corners and joints should be flat and seamless.
1.3 Feed Table, “Basal Back Tableâ€: A feed table is built at the edge of the pool, and a “basal back bench†(“ arched bamboo frameâ€) is built in the pool.
1.4 Cultivation of basic baits: 5 to 7 days prior to stocking, 50-60cm of water injection, according to the situation of water and fertilizer, apply 100-150 kilograms of organic fertilizer per mu after maturity to cultivate plankton.
1.5 Transplanting aquatic plants: Transferring a circle of aquaponic or water spinach into shallow water at a depth of 60-80 cm offshore from a fish pond, covering 20-25% of the surface of the water. Grass must be sterilized with 10 mg/L bleach or 0.5 mg/L Tetramethine prior to transplanting.
1.6 Aerators: Due to the high density of the three-dimensional ecological aquaculture ponds, to obtain high yields and high efficiency, an aerator must be installed in the pond to improve the water quality of the pond and prevent the fish from attacking when the “floating head†of the fish is slow.
2 Stocking
2.1 Preparation before stocking: Disinfect the fish ponds with 75-100 kg fresh lime ponds 7-10 days before stocking.
2.2 Stocking of fish, shrimp, and oysters: In polyculture ponds, fish species should be released first, then fleas and green prawn should be stocked.
Fish species are mainly flowers and white pheasants, accounting for 75-80%. They are raised on grass, oysters, squid, etc. Generally, 250-300 mu are placed in the mu and the stocking time is appropriate before and after the Spring Festival.
The species is suitable for artificial breeding, and the specification 3 is more than two, generally 0.4-0.5 kg/only. Quality requirements: healthy, non-injury, disease-free spot, after drug sterilized after sterilization, stocking density is generally 1-1.5 per square meter. The stocking time is mid-June, and the water temperature should be 27-30°C.
Prawns are stocked with eggs or shrimp. Stocking rate of shrimp is generally 50,000-60,000 pigs per acre; Oviposition of shrimp species is recommended for stocking 5-6 kg per acre.
3 Feeding management
3.1 Feeding and management of fish is basically the same as that of conventional fish ponds. Feeding should be kept away from the feed table to reduce the impact on feeding.
3.2 Feeding management of cockroaches:
(1) Feed: The main compound feed for alfalfa is mainly used to make pellets for feeding. In ponds where young shrimp are raised, the breeding shrimp is a supplementary feed for earthworms.
(2) Feeding method: From the second day of stocking, stick feed on the feed table of loquat, 2 times a day, 7-8 hours in the morning, 5-6 pm in the afternoon, feeding fish for half an hour After investing in feed, you can eat more quietly. Feeding amount is 1-1.5% of body weight, and it is generally advisable to have a slight surplus of feed on the first day.
(3) Water quality management: Eco-sterile farming is adopted for fish and shrimp, and the density of the culture is high. In addition, the feed is strengthened and fed, and the water quality tends to deteriorate. Especially in July-September, it is the season most susceptible to hypoxia. Therefore, in this season, it is necessary not only to regularly add new water every 7-8 days to adjust the water quality, but also to turn on the oxygen aeration machine appropriately during the day or early morning.
3.3 In the high temperature season, aerators and new water should be added in time.
3.4 Daily management: Apart from routine management such as feeding and disease prevention, the key to the polyculture of fish, shrimp and cockroaches is timely addition of new water to improve water quality. When adding new water, the water inlet and outlet must be closed with a dense net to prevent miscellaneous fish and predators from entering and escaping fish.
4 Disease prevention:
Adhere to the main prevention, the time of onset of timely treatment twice a month, each time a course of treatment (5-6 days) with antibiotic baits and internal prevention. Every 10 to 20 days, use 10-12 kilograms of quicklime per acre to disinfect and adjust the water quality. The disease was picked up promptly, and diagnosed in a fish disease clinic at aquaculture technical units and departments. Symptomatic drug treatment was used.
5 Fish, shrimp, and clams can grow into product specifications in the year when they are polycultured. The fish is mainly used for catching nets. In the middle and late October (when the water temperature is generally above 20°C), dry ponds are caught.
1 Pond conditions and equipment
1.1 Ponds: It is advisable to use a quiet environment with sunny leewards, convenient drainage and drainage, an area of ​​2-5 acres, a water depth of 1.5-2.0m, and shallow silt.
1.2 Anti-escape facilities: An anti-escape enclosing facility with a height of 30 cm or more must be installed around the pond. Anti-escape facilities can be built with bricks, stone blocks, and asbestos tiles. Corners and joints should be flat and seamless.
1.3 Feed Table, “Basal Back Tableâ€: A feed table is built at the edge of the pool, and a “basal back bench†(“ arched bamboo frameâ€) is built in the pool.
1.4 Cultivation of basic baits: 5 to 7 days prior to stocking, 50-60cm of water injection, according to the situation of water and fertilizer, apply 100-150 kilograms of organic fertilizer per mu after maturity to cultivate plankton.
1.5 Transplanting aquatic plants: Transferring a circle of aquaponic or water spinach into shallow water at a depth of 60-80 cm offshore from a fish pond, covering 20-25% of the surface of the water. Grass must be sterilized with 10 mg/L bleach or 0.5 mg/L Tetramethine prior to transplanting.
1.6 Aerators: Due to the high density of the three-dimensional ecological aquaculture ponds, to obtain high yields and high efficiency, an aerator must be installed in the pond to improve the water quality of the pond and prevent the fish from attacking when the “floating head†of the fish is slow.
2 Stocking
2.1 Preparation before stocking: Disinfect the fish ponds with 75-100 kg fresh lime ponds 7-10 days before stocking.
2.2 Stocking of fish, shrimp, and oysters: In polyculture ponds, fish species should be released first, then fleas and green prawn should be stocked.
Fish species are mainly flowers and white pheasants, accounting for 75-80%. They are raised on grass, oysters, squid, etc. Generally, 250-300 mu are placed in the mu and the stocking time is appropriate before and after the Spring Festival.
The species is suitable for artificial breeding, and the specification 3 is more than two, generally 0.4-0.5 kg/only. Quality requirements: healthy, non-injury, disease-free spot, after drug sterilized after sterilization, stocking density is generally 1-1.5 per square meter. The stocking time is mid-June, and the water temperature should be 27-30°C.
Prawns are stocked with eggs or shrimp. Stocking rate of shrimp is generally 50,000-60,000 pigs per acre; Oviposition of shrimp species is recommended for stocking 5-6 kg per acre.
3 Feeding management
3.1 Feeding and management of fish is basically the same as that of conventional fish ponds. Feeding should be kept away from the feed table to reduce the impact on feeding.
3.2 Feeding management of cockroaches:
(1) Feed: The main compound feed for alfalfa is mainly used to make pellets for feeding. In ponds where young shrimp are raised, the breeding shrimp is a supplementary feed for earthworms.
(2) Feeding method: From the second day of stocking, stick feed on the feed table of loquat, 2 times a day, 7-8 hours in the morning, 5-6 pm in the afternoon, feeding fish for half an hour After investing in feed, you can eat more quietly. Feeding amount is 1-1.5% of body weight, and it is generally advisable to have a slight surplus of feed on the first day.
(3) Water quality management: Eco-sterile farming is adopted for fish and shrimp, and the density of the culture is high. In addition, the feed is strengthened and fed, and the water quality tends to deteriorate. Especially in July-September, it is the season most susceptible to hypoxia. Therefore, in this season, it is necessary not only to regularly add new water every 7-8 days to adjust the water quality, but also to turn on the oxygen aeration machine appropriately during the day or early morning.
3.3 In the high temperature season, aerators and new water should be added in time.
3.4 Daily management: Apart from routine management such as feeding and disease prevention, the key to the polyculture of fish, shrimp and cockroaches is timely addition of new water to improve water quality. When adding new water, the water inlet and outlet must be closed with a dense net to prevent miscellaneous fish and predators from entering and escaping fish.
4 Disease prevention:
Adhere to the main prevention, the time of onset of timely treatment twice a month, each time a course of treatment (5-6 days) with antibiotic baits and internal prevention. Every 10 to 20 days, use 10-12 kilograms of quicklime per acre to disinfect and adjust the water quality. The disease was picked up promptly, and diagnosed in a fish disease clinic at aquaculture technical units and departments. Symptomatic drug treatment was used.
5 Fish, shrimp, and clams can grow into product specifications in the year when they are polycultured. The fish is mainly used for catching nets. In the middle and late October (when the water temperature is generally above 20°C), dry ponds are caught.
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