It is estimated that at present, China's fresh fruit storage capacity is equivalent to about 20% of the total output, and the refrigerating capacity is about 7%, which is far from meeting the annual sales of fruit products in the quarter and the need for production and sales in multiple places. The average yield per unit of fruit in the country has been between 200 and 300 kilograms for a long period of time. Although it reached its highest level in 1998, it is only about 40% of that of the moderately developed countries. China's fruit processing volume accounts for about 5% to 10% of the total output, and more than 90% of fresh food is consumed in a single manner. The proportion of fresh fruit and processed fruit in the world is approximately 63:35 for citrus and 70:30 for apples. In recent years, despite the introduction of fruit juice and other processing lines, due to the lack of raw materials suitable for processing and special good fruits, coupled with technology, organization and management can not keep up, the quality of processed products is not high, the price is expensive, sales are less, export competitiveness is not strong. The proportion of fruit trees and varieties is not appropriate. For a long time, the proportion of apple, citrus, and pear trees in the total area and total output of fruit trees is too high, accounting for 61.14% and 64.58% respectively in 1993-1997. Which accounted for the total area of ​​fruit trees: apple 35.17%, citrus 15.61%, pear 10.36%; accounting for total fruit production; apple 33.10%, citrus 19.75%, pear 11.81%. In recent years, it has been demanded that fruit supply be diversified, so that it is difficult to sell fruit, the selling price is low, the pressure storage, rotting fruit, fruitless harvest, and the first out of these three tree species. Most tree species still have inappropriate proportions of varieties, too many medium-maturing varieties, lack of early or late-maturing varieties, or lack of specialized processing varieties. At present, the potential proportion of Red Fuji and Marshal is too high. The percentage of broad-leaf citrus represented by Citrus mandarin represented more than 60% of the yield of citrus, and the total area of ​​Dashan pear and Yali pear accounted for more than 50% of the total area of ​​pear. Among them, Dianshansu pear accounted for 35% and Ya pear accounted for 17%. It is too much. Compared with advanced countries, the yield of fruit trees in China is low, such as Apple's California production of 2,200 kg, China's less than 400 kg, and per capita fruit possession is only half of the world's per capita possession, but some regions have already encountered difficulties in selling their fruit. The reason is that the quality of fruit is poor, and the performance in the market is not the same size, shape is not neat, fruit surface coloring is poor, lesions, extrusion bumps, flesh hair, mild, acidic, aroma and so on. It is estimated that the yield of high-quality apples is less than 30% of the total output, and that of high-grade apples is less than 50% of the total output. There are many reasons for this. Except cultivation and management and lack of good varieties, it is mainly universal early harvesting. For example, the new Hongxing apple, most of our orchards produce no fruit with bright red, fruit-type high piles, and fruit-top five-row prominent fruits. Red Fuji apples, some orchards are harvested and marketed 15 to 30 days before their normal maturation; mangoes are harvested in advance, post-harvest or artificial ripening. We must soberly realize that under the situation of supply exceeding demand, falling prices and intensifying competition, the country’s total fruit output has increased; seasonal fruits have developed rapidly; and foreign fruits have taken over the domestic market and the threshold of green technical barriers after China’s accession to the WTO has increased. High competition in the fruit market has become more intense. The situation is very serious. The garden owners of some fruit areas often only pay attention to pest control after fruiting, and neglect the pre-flower management during the golden period of spring. This is a great mistake. Orchard management should take pollution-free cultivation and ecological agriculture as the starting point, and strive to take the initiative in the orchard management throughout the year. Pest control has always been one of the important issues in orchard management. Although chemical pesticides can quickly and efficiently control the occurrence and damage of pests and diseases, But the negative effect is huge. Therefore, reducing the use of pesticides, especially highly toxic pesticides, is the key to producing high-quality fruit. For the problems in the production of fruit trees in China. Faced with the demand of domestic and foreign markets for fruit products and the development trend, Huaibi Plant Protection Plant of Shaanxi Gaonan District High-tech Zone has finally succeeded in adopting high-tech means such as electronic control system to overcome such international scientific and technological problems that have plagued the development of the fruit industry for a long time. Several kinds of harmonious plant protection agents---Huahua No.2, melon and fruit turmeric, tree maintenance general, and anti-corrosion film. The technical breakthroughs made by agricultural scientists at home and abroad have been broken through. The application results have won the recognition of relevant government departments, experts, and users, and have created a new path for the development of pollution-free date industries. Scientific researchers apply this science and technology for the masses to standardize their applications. 13891301964 provides free technical guidance to peasants throughout the country. The goal is to rely heavily on science and technology for the development of the fruit industry: 1 With market economy as the orientation, fruit tree production will be adapted to changes in domestic and foreign markets. Gradually realize fruit tree production and industrialization of scientific and technological achievements, establish technology-intensive fruit tree enterprises, and improve the quality of fruit and agricultural culture and technology. To transform the fruit industry from traditional agriculture to commercialization, specialization, and modernization. 2 It is necessary to change the status of most of the orchards with wide varieties, low yields, and high input and low output, and strengthen the transformation of existing low-yield gardens to increase the yield and quality. Apply existing fruit tree eco-regionalization research results, adapt to local conditions, give full play to their advantages, properly concentrate on the development of famous varieties, and establish a quality fruit tree commodity base. Improve cultivation techniques, realize modern intensive cultivation with dwarf and dense planting as the center, make full use of foreign advanced technology, and assemble and match with the achievements already made in China to form standardized, serialized and practical production technologies. 3 Further identification of a variety of germplasm resources. Research and accelerate the use of genetic recombination (conventional breeding or bioengineering) to cultivate high-quality, high-yield, multi-resistance new varieties (or types) to fully tap and exploit the potential of the organism itself. 4 The application of cell engineering technology to establish a breeding and promotion system for virus-free seedling tissue culture seedlings to achieve fruit-free cultivation of fruit trees. With the aid of bioengineering technology, genes of special traits are genetically transformed or recombined, and natural, high-quality, multi-resistance and high-yield new varieties are selected. 5 The fruit tree production will gradually transition to the joint-stock cooperative system and share-holding system, and realize the scale operation. During the process of establishing a rural social service system, attention should be paid to improving pre- and post-natal services in fruit tree production, especially post-harvest services such as distribution sales, packaging, storage, transportation, and processing, to achieve the trinity of agribusiness, and to unify management and management in order to increase the production rate of fruit trees. And fruit added value.
In order to get rid of the disadvantageous situation in the current production of the fruit industry in China, the five techniques of skillful fertilization, scientific pruning and modification, easy control and promotion of flowers, physical laws and fruits, and pollution-free management must be comprehensively promoted to further increase the fruit tree to light. Comprehensive utilization of heat, water, gas, and energy; unified understanding, strengthened leadership and guidance on fruit marketing. To improve the scientific and cultural quality of farmers in an all-round way is the key to improving agriculture and revitalizing rural and affluent farmers. Over the past few years, we have placed an important position on improving the comprehensive quality of farmers in agricultural and rural economic work. Focusing on enhancing the self-development ability of farmers and raising their awareness of scientific and scientific use, we will vigorously strengthen the popularization of scientific knowledge and advanced practical techniques to meet the needs of agricultural specialization, large-scale development, and the development of modern science and technology, and cultivate and cultivate a new generation of farmers. Understand the needs of farmers, work with experts on countermeasures, support farmers in science and technology, and use modern methods to manage agriculture. Guide the farmers to learn and master the knowledge of commodity production, marketing and operation and management, grasp the opportunities for agricultural and rural economic restructuring, and increase the scientific and technological content of agricultural products. In recent years, many users have explored a high-tech science and technology chain project, and its operating procedures are: before and after the pad, the entire park will be deep-turned (about 10-15 cm in depth), and the ground tigers and beetles that will spend the winter in the earth Snails, snails, etc. are turned to the ground in order to kill some of the wintering ground pests. Weak trees are mainly formed due to malnutrition due to poor conditions such as soil, fertilizer, and management, resulting in small and small leaves, thin and short branches, and weak root systems. To promote the growth of weak trees, we must grasp the key to raising the roots, because only the roots are deep enough to leaf. According to the size of the tree, each plant in the early spring to make up 1 to 3 kilograms of cake fertilizer, 30 to 50 kilograms of water and fertilizer. Fertilizing pits are dug deep into the outer edge of the crown to extend the root system to depth and breadth. In April (before and after flowering period), 0.25-0.5 kg urea per plant was applied, and 0.5-1.0 kg of superphosphate was added. Each condition can also be applied to plant ash 1.5 to 2.5 kilograms, but not with nitrogen and phosphate fertilizer. Modern fruit cultivation must implement "dwarf, dense, early, abundant, and excellent" in order to achieve high fruit tree cultivation efficiency. In order to achieve early harvest and high yield, close planting gardens should promote flowers in the year of planting. At present, the flower-promoting technology has been found to be applied to promote "Huawang No. 2" cream. The flowering time is suitable for the initial stage of flower bud differentiation in fruit trees. The flower buds of deciduous fruit trees such as apples and pears are usually differentiated from June to August. The best in 10 days, peach tree, submerged peach, grapes and other non-ringed trees in the hibernation smear "promoting Kaowang 1" control tip, chain reaction to promote flower, the effect is very good. Evergreen fruit trees in the flower bud differentiation period (Jing in June-August, citrus in November to January next year) to promote flowering, late autumn control tip. There are three main advantages to using “promoting Kao†products: First, the impact on the tree is small. Just cut a circle with a knife on the tree pole and smear it with “promoting the king of flowersâ€. The second is that the investment is small. A bottle of "promoting the king" can be applied to more than 100 trees. A tree only needs to invest a few cents. The third is the effect is good, with the "promoting flower king", can promote a large number of flower buds differentiation of fruit trees, inhibition of madness. The use of "Kui Hua" tree, full of flower buds, high fruit setting rate, fruit significantly increased fast, good color, high sugar content, smooth fruit surface, high prices, increased income of farmers. The method of physical adjustment of fruit trees is to use a “fruit tree applicator pen†to apply “Kaiwang No. 2†cream approximately 1 cm wide on the ring cut, and apply the same width of the “protective tree general†mother liquor, which can force the promotion of Hua Wang to be effective. The ingredients all go into the tree to work, but also protect the wound from environmental pollution and enhance its effectiveness. The jujube sprouts later than the early leaves, the growth period is short, before the flowering, flowering and young fruit period can also be carried out on the foliage of fruit fertilizer, available 0.3% ~ 0.5% of urea + fruit Zhuang Ti Ling, to improve the results The rate and the effect of enlarged fruit are obvious. When the fruit tree is sprayed with foliar fertilizer or pesticide every day, adding 1000 times of “General Tree Guard†can inhibit the replication of infectious virus and resist the infection of airborne virus. The mother liquor of “General Tree Guard†can prevent cortical disease. When the jujube tree is pruned, it is necessary to timely apply the “wound and anti-corrosion film†to prevent the dry cracking of the wound, prevent the death of the branches, and promote the high-frequency reproduction of the regeneration gene in the wound healing tissue. After the controlled growth, the growth of the secondary branches is enriched, the effective result sites are increased, and the fruiting rate of the picking heart dates can be improved. Spraying urea before falling leaves can delay the defoliation and increase the nutrient accumulation of the tree. After defoliating, the tree body is fully sprayed with the “General Tree Guardian†100 times liquid to sterilize antifreeze, disease prevention and hypnosis. Under cold and cold conditions, the plant can produce a substance similar to the substance that promotes human sleep—hibernine. This substance can slow down the metabolic process of the plant cells, even at zero point. The consumption of feed material is greatly reduced or almost terminated, so that the plant body can be "sleep-free" and safe and sound. It will help greatly in raising the spirit of fruit trees and enhancing the fitness of fruit trees in the coming year. In early spring, the “Guardian Tree General†100 times liquid and Baume 3 Degree Lithosulfide Mixer Clean Garden Disinfectant, not only bactericidal and insecticidal, but also can inhibit the inheritance of the stability of the exogenous gene, thus inspiring a series of defense responses and making the fruit tree produce strong resistance. Sex, at the same time, can hit the “Genetic Alarm Clock†of the fruit tree to remind them when the fruit tree wakes from hibernation, when it germinates and blossoms, and the sensitive autonomic nerves make the fruit tree full of vitality. A large number of observations have revealed that fruit trees living in pollution-free environmental conditions are more spiritual.
In short, pest and disease prevention and control should implement the principle of “prevention as the mainstay and comprehensive prevention and controlâ€, give full play to natural enemies, agricultural measures, and the role of resistant hosts, and protect the population and number of beneficial natural and fruit tree pest natural enemies. While eliminating pests and diseases, it is of vital importance to protect natural enemies. It is only when necessary that low-toxicity, low-residue, light-polluting pesticides are used, and the source of recurrence of pests and diseases is suppressed through comprehensive treatment. Modern high-tech science and technology have been developed on the basis of breakthroughs in modern biology, microelectronics, and polymer science. The influence of modern science and technology on the infiltration and production of fruit trees scientific research has made all fruit tree production, quality and quality have been improved in all directions. The modern management experience of fruit trees is to control the occurrence of pests and diseases through harmonious, biological and physical means. With the spread, it has achieved the effect of matching with traditional agriculture. At present, the new trend of the development of the world's fruit trees is: using conventional means and advanced biotechnology to cultivate new varieties (types), high yield, high quality, supporting, pest and disease resistance, resistance to storage, and special traits are the goals of fruit tree breeding. . Variety renewal speeds up, cycle shortens, and excellent new varieties can be quickly applied to production and transformed into productivity. Dwarf dense planting intensive cultivation, the main approach is the use of dwarfing rootstock, the use of short-stem, compact species, the use of dwarf plant technology. No virus cultivation to give full play to the tree's production potential. Regionalization and basement cultivation of improved varieties, extensive use of cationic activity control technologies to stabilize and balance production, strengthening research on the management of harmonious plant protection technologies, and adopting advanced storage technologies such as gas conditioning, and compiling a complete fruit distribution chain with packaging and transportation groups. The formation of a large number of high-quality, high-quality products, opening up the international market, and the realization of the supply of high-quality fresh fruit have become the general trend of fruit tree development.
About the author: Huaibi, Wanguo Mall, High-tech Zone, Gaonan District, Shaanxi Province, engaged in plant protection scientific research for more than 20 years, invented a number of patent achievements such as “Promoting Kaowangâ€, and published more than 70 academic exchange articles in newspapers and authoritative magazines. The distribution of CD-ROMs nationwide, with over 10,000 circulations, is well received by readers. In order to guide farmers in harmonious plant protection and scientifically manage orchards, I have provided free technical consultation services for farmers throughout the country for many years. Service phone: 0913-2105261
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