At present, there are many varieties of chickens. Without planned selection and matching, the fine quality of chicken breeds cannot be maintained or even degraded. Low-yielding flocks need to be selected, and high-yielding flocks also need to be selected. Only frequent seed selection can maintain egg production at a high level. 1 Selection based on the appearance and physiological characteristics of chickens is relatively simple, but the selection effect is not very effective. The main choices include observations of body appearance, moulting conditions, and inspections of pigmentation. 1.1 Seed selection time 1.1.1 Primary selection: It is usually conducted at 6 to 8 weeks of age, and individuals who have rapidly growing feathers and are not overweight are selected for breeding. 1.1.2 The second seed selection: During the breeding period of 20-22 weeks, the selected breeds with obvious characteristics, good body structure and good health are used for seed breeding. 1.1.3 Third seed selection: Egg breeder chickens are generally conducted in early spring and late autumn. Because the spring is selected for elimination, it is convenient for organizing spring breeding and group breeding; in the autumn, the adult chickens that have completed one or 500-day-old egg production can be identified to facilitate selection and selection of high-yielding layers. Continue to plant. Unsatisfactory individuals are eliminated to reduce costs. 1.2 Selection of High Production Layers High-production laying hens are required to be small in size, long in body, short and thick, slightly curved, strong and strong, with wide and short heads, large eyes, wide and long back, smooth skin, and elasticity. The appearance of high-yielding egg breeders can also be considered from the following aspects. 1.2.1 Crowns and cockroaches: High-yield chickens have large, full, bright, red, smooth, soft, and elastic crowns; low-yield chickens have rough, pale, and lusterless appearance. 1.2.2 Cloaca: The cloacal cavity of a high-laying laying hen is large, moist, and relaxed, showing a semi-open shape; the cloaca of a low-producing chicken is small, tight, wrinkled, and dry. 1.2.3 pubic septum: high-producing layer pubis pubis soft, flexible, distance, can accommodate 3 fingers; low-yield chicken pubic bone hard, small distance, can only accommodate 1 to 2 fingers. 1.2.4 Abdomen: High-producing laying hens are large and soft, and the distance between the pubic bone and the end of the sternum can accommodate 1 palm; the low-yield chicken belly is small and hard, and the distance between the sacrum and the sternum is narrow, and it only contains 2 to 3 fingers. 1.2.5 Moulting: High-yielding hens are moulted at the end of autumn and early winter. The moulting speed is fast and the replacement time is short. Usually 1 to 2 months, some chickens produce eggs while moulting; low-producing chickens have more moulting seasons. As early as early in the late summer, moulting was early and slow, and it took 3 to 4 months to complete moulting, resulting in long-term production stoppages. 1.2.6 The disappearance of pigments: hens with yellow skin, cockroach, and cockroaches, due to the need for egg production, insufficient supply of lutein in feed. High-yielding layers often use lutein in the body and regular parts of the body will appear. The pigment fades and the order of fading is the anus-eyes-ears-sacrum-foot-ankle-anterior-toe-tips (see Table 1). Table 1 normal laying hens anus, mouth, legs fade regularity 20 weeks 24 weeks 28 weeks 40 weeks leg yellow yellow yellow skin color mouth yellow yellow skin color skin anus yellow skin color skin color 1.2.7 Action and performance: High-producing hens lively and active, like to eat, often issued a "grilling" cry; low-produced hens slow, quiet, loss of appetite. 1.3 Selection of male roosters Roosters have a greater influence on offspring than offspring, and therefore require more attention to selection. The selected criteria are: tall body, full back thoracodorsal, tail feathers upturned, active and lively, loud buzzing, full and shiny hair, crowns large and red, warm, strong sexual desire, touch the tail of sexual reflexes, strong breeding ability, Semen fertilization rate is high and significant. 2 According to the record selection of breeding chickens, selection based on physical appearance and physiological characteristics can not accurately identify the superiority and inferiority of breeding chickens. Only relying on the selection of records can be a reliable method. There are usually four methods based on documented data. 2.1 According to the pedigree, it is suitable for chickens or roosters that have no production capacity. Because chicks and broilers cannot yet determine the performance of adulthood, the roosters themselves do not produce eggs. They can only look up their pedigrees and compare the records of their ancestral productive performance to deduce their pros and cons. 2.2 According to the results of their own selection through the chicken's own production performance records, to make good or bad choices. However, this method is only applicable to traits with high heritability; traits with low heritability have high self-achievements, but the production performance of their offspring is not necessarily high. 2.3 According to the production performance of the whole siblings and half siblings, especially the roosters, they do not produce eggs themselves, and no offspring produce eggs. To identify their ability to lay eggs, they can only be identified based on the average score of their full and half siblings. Because the male and female cousins ​​and half-sibs have a common parent or a common parent or mother, they have genetic similarities, so their performance should be similar to the average score of their fellow or semi-sib. 2.4 According to the pedigree, self-achievement, full compatability, and half-student performance, the seed selection of the descendants can only show that the phenotypes of its parents, compatriots, and its own are good, and can stably transfer the excellent quality to the next generation. This requires the identification of descendants. 3 Multi-trait selection General medium and small-scale chicken farms can use the above two methods to choose. However, in the breeding work, the selection cannot be based on only a single trait. In fact, multiple traits are measured and selected. For example, broiler breeder breeding usually determines 18 indicators, and its selection methods mainly include sequential selection method and independent selection. Method and index selection method. With the index selection method, attention should be paid to the following issues: First, to seize the main economic traits, the traits selected at one time should not be too large, generally 2 to 4 are appropriate, so as not to affect the selection progress. Second, select the early traits as much as possible to facilitate seed selection and shorten generational intervals. Third, traits with lower heritability should be given a larger weighted value. Fourth, for the “upward†selected traits (such as egg production), the weighting coefficient has a positive value, and for the “downward†selected trait (such as the opening age), the weighting coefficient has a negative value. Fifth, for some negatively correlated traits (such as egg production and egg weight), if they must be selected at the same time, they can be combined into one trait (such as total egg production weight).
Organic Buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum), also known as Common Buckwheat, Japanese BuckwheatandSilverhull Buckwheat, is a plant cultivated for its grain-like seeds and as a cover crop. A related and more bitter species, Fagopyrum tataricum, a domesticated food plant common in Asia, but not as common in Europe or North America, is also referred to as buckwheat.
Despite the name, Organic Buckwheat is not related to wheat, as it is not a grass. Instead, Organic Buckwheat is related to Sorrel, Knotweed, and Rhubarb. Because its seeds are rich in complex carbohydrates, it is referred to as a Pseudocereal.
Organic Buckwheat
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