1 colonization
The jujube seedlings are planted from deciduous to pre-sealing and after thawing to germination. When planting, we will dig 0.8m and 0.8m of planting points. When backfilling, apply 20~25kg of decomposed soil and 0.5kg of fruit tree compound fertilizer. After backfilling, it must be watered and covered with mulch.
2 fixed
The fixed dry height is 70-80 cm, and the drying is too low. After the main branch results, it is easy to droop and drag the ground, resulting in difficult management under the tree and the quality of jujube fruit. If the drying is too high, the growth of the jujube head is small, and it is not easy to form quickly and delay. In the period of entering the result; if the quality of the seedlings is not good, you can leave 2 buds and short cuts. After germination, select a vigorous jujube head to re-cultivate the trunk, and wait until the height of the seedling is over 80 cm.
3 plastic trim
Red Dan crisp jujube has medium-strength hair and small tree body. It is suitable for free spindle-shaped or cylindrical shape in production. The distance between the free spindles is 2 to 3 meters (3 to 4) meters, and the spacing of the cylindrical plants is 1 to 2 meters (2 to 3 meters). The free spindle-shaped tree is 2.5-3.0 meters high and 60-80 cm high. The whole tree has 8 to 10 main branches. The main branch has a thickness of no more than 1/3 of the center dry. The spiral is arranged on the center and the bottom. A main branch is preferably selected in the southeast or southwest direction. The distance between two adjacent main branches is 20-30 cm, and the distance between the two main branches in the same direction is not less than 100 cm. No longer equipped with side branches, directly on the main branch. As a result, in the branch group, the opening angle of the lower main branch is 80-90, and the upper main branch is opened to 70-80. The cylindrical tree is about 2 meters high. The whole tree has 10~12 branches directly on the main branch. The lower part is strong and weak, and the level is evenly distributed on the center dry. When shaping, it is required to keep 4-6 from the ground more than 60 cm. A secondary branch, when the secondary branch grows to more than 6 knots, the heart is picked. In the second year, the newly issued jujube head grows 6 to 8 secondary branches, and the second branch is topped when it is 6 or more. When shaping, it is necessary to maintain the erect and growth advantage of the center. Pay attention to the control of the growth of the jujube head. If necessary, it can be short-cut or topped to prevent the sputum from emptying. The result of the jujube tree is the strongest in 3-8 years. .
4 soil and fertilizer management
4.1 base fertilizer
Every year after harvesting fruit in the autumn, before the leaves, dig 3 to 4 holes per jujube tree, 10-15 kg of organic fertilizer applied or 3 to 4 kg of biological fertilizer, and 0.3 kg of nitrogen fertilizer.
4.2 top dressing
In the flowering, young fruiting, and fruit expansion period, it is divided into 3 to 4 times, and 4 to 6 holes are drilled for each fruit tree to apply compound fertilizer, about 0.25 kg each time, to promote jujube trees to bloom and bloom well. Promote fruit enlargement.
4.3 Water Management
Each time the fertilization is combined with watering, it is beneficial to the conversion and absorption of the fertilizer, and the fruit is swollen. The growing season is timely watered according to the weather and drought conditions.
4.4 Soil Management
Because most of the jujube trees are built in the mountains and the soil layers are thin, combined with fertilization, the soil should be deep-expanded and expanded every year to increase the thickness of the soil layer. The growing season applies natural grass or biological coverage to the soil. Grass or biological coverage can regulate the temperature and humidity of the orchard, improve the soil aggregate structure, increase the soil organic matter content, prevent soil erosion, and reduce the cracking of jujube. However, it is necessary to pay attention to the timely removal of malignant weeds such as valerian and gray vegetables, and the preservation of benign weeds such as horses and dogs, and the appropriate amount of nitrogen fertilizer (2.5 to 5 kg per acre). When the centimeter is castrated, the height of the stubble is 15-20 cm.
5 flower promotion measures and flower management
5.1 pull branches
Generally carried out in May-July, the branches are evenly distributed, the ventilation in the crown is good, the tree potential is relaxed, and the flower-forming fruit is promoted.
5.2 Smear
From late April to early July, the jujube buds that have no germination value should be erased from the base as soon as possible, and the base jujube hangs should be preserved to save nutrients, which is beneficial to tree growth and flowering and fruit setting.
5.3 topping
Topping is an effective measure to control vegetative growth and save nutrients. Topping can reduce the drop of flowers and fruit, and significantly improve the fruit setting rate. From the sprouting leaves to the mid-July, the newborn jujube head, the second branch and the jujube hanging were topped to inhibit the excessive growth of the jujube head.
5.4 open armor
The jujube tree is also called ring stripping. The purpose is to prevent the organic matter produced in the ground part from being transported to the roots, which can improve the fruit setting rate of the jujube trees. The opening of the armor should be carried out on the tree above 5 years old. The best time is the flowering period in the first half of June. The ring stripping part is selected from the trunk of 30 cm from the ground, and the stripping is carried out in a smooth and flawless place. The stripping width should not exceed 1/10 of the trunk thickness, and the xylem should not be deeply injured. The ring stripping should be carried out in a sunny and windless weather. After 1 week of nailing, the stripping mouth should be applied once with 150 times of the chlorpyrifos 3 Peeling the insects and causing the skin to heal 20 to 30 days after peeling.
5.5 flowering water spray
The jujube tree has a lot of drought, and the relative humidity of the air is low, which is unfavorable to pollen germination, thus affecting fertilization and fruit setting. Therefore, when the flowering season is in a dry weather, spray the water evenly on the canopy with a sprayer to increase the fruit setting rate by more than one time. The water spray time is preferably after 5:00 pm. At this time, the water spray can stagger the time of the loose powder of the jujube, and maintain the wet for a long time, which is conducive to pollen germination. It is usually sprayed for 2 days, once a day.
5.6 flowering bee
The jujube leaves the bees to increase the rate of cross-pollination, thus increasing the fruit setting rate. Most varieties of jujube can be self-pollinated and firm. However, cross-pollination can significantly increase the fruit setting rate. Putting bees in the flowering period of jujube garden can fully pollinate jujube flowers, and the fruit setting rate can be increased by more than 68%. And the closer the jujube is to the beehive, the better the effect.
5.7 foliar spray fertilizer
At the flowering stage and the young fruit stage, foliar spray application is carried out with 0.3% (mass fraction, later) potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution, Amino Acid, 0.1% boric acid, etc., which not only reduces the occurrence of falling flowers and fruit, but also improves fruit setting. Rate, increase the quality of single fruit, and improve the quality of the fruit.
5.8 Spraying plant growth regulators and trace elements
Spraying plant growth regulators and trace elements can increase the fruit setting rate. At present, commonly used plant growth regulators are gibberellin, 2,4-D, sodium naphthaleneacetate, etc., of which gibberellin is widely used. Gibberellin can promote the pollen germination of jujube, and can also stimulate the unpollinated jujube flower to be firm. When the flowering period is 10~15 mg/kg gibberellin, the fruit setting rate can be increased by more than 70%. Trace elements such as boron, zinc and iron also have a certain promoting effect on fruit setting rate and yield. Spraying 0.2% to 0.3% of boric acid or borax at the flowering stage has the effect of increasing the fruit setting rate because the trace amount of boron can significantly increase the pollen germination rate.
6 pest control
The main pests and diseases of Hongdan crisp jujube include jujube shrinkage disease, black rot, jujube rust, jujube madness, green blind pupa, jujube step, jujube worm, turtle wax mites, red spider, peach worm, leaf mites, etc. .
The prevention and control of jujube pests and diseases should be based on prevention, strengthen the measurement and report, and pay attention to the comprehensive prevention and control of agricultural physics and chemistry. Agricultural physical control: scraping bark during dormancy, deep burying of litter, deep-turning trees (10 cm) in winter, pests in frozen dead soil; in mid-April, the trunk base is tied with 10 cm wide plastic cloth and painted with waste. The oil prevents the jujube from being on the tree; the black light is used to trap the adult worms, and the peach attractant is hanged in mid-June. In early September, the grass is tied to the grass to trap the pests, and the leaves are removed and the grass is burned. Chemical control: green blind cockroach, jujube step, jujube worm, turtle wax mites, red spider, peach small heartworm, leaf mites and other pests can be applied according to the occurrence period of 3% phoxim granules and slashing Small); the tree can choose 10% imidacloprid 3000 times solution, 1.8% avermectin 4000 times solution, 22.4% spirotetramat ethyl ester 4000 times solution, 5% oxazolidine 1500 times solution, 25% thiamethoxam 2000 times Liquid, pyrethroid drugs and other mixed alternate control; jujube fruit disease, black rot, jujube rust and other diseases can choose 72% agricultural streptomycin 3000 times liquid and 10% difenoconazole 1500 times liquid, 43% pent The bactericides such as oxazol 3000 times solution and 5% pyraclostrobin 1000 times solution are alternately controlled. The pathogen of jujube mad disease is a genus of genus, which is mainly transmitted by insects such as grafting, rooting and orange banding, and the insects of the Chinese genus Rhododendron chinense, the red-spotted leafhopper, the edging margin, and the eucalyptus. The effects of existing medicines after infection are not satisfactory, mainly for prevention. The main measures are to cultivate disease-free seedlings, planting gardens away from arborvitae (the arborvitae is the main place for wintering reproduction of diamond leafhoppers), and timely eradicating diseased branches.
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