Zanthoxylum spp. is a spice. Its fruit contains aromatic oils. It is an important raw material for food seasoning. Seeds can be extracted from oil and can be eaten after treatment. It has early results, large returns, simple cultivation and management, strong adaptability, strong sprouting ability, ability to prune strength, the results of the second year after planting, and a large number of results after 4-5 years, making it an ideal tree species for the rich in mountain areas. According to the people's experience in Mindong, summarize the main points of the propagation and high yield cultivation of Zanthoxylum bungeanum for reference. ? 1, nursery? Pepper to sowing nursery mainly, generally in July-September, the fruit skin was purple, the seed coat into blue-black when the harvest pepper, post-harvest pepper dried in the dry room, the seeds bogey Exposure to sunlight, so as not to lose germination, dry seeds can be sowed in autumn and spring sowing. The prickly ash seedling bed should be selected from deep, fertile, well-drained sandy loam soil, deep-sloped before planting, applied to basal fertilizer, leveled and made bed, then planted by 20cm row spacing, covered with soil 0.5cm, and covered with sand 2cm per hectare. Sow 112.5kg or so. The seeds sowed in autumn should be degreased and soaked in alkaline water. 10kg of seeds should be soaked with 10kg of water and 0.3kg of alkaline surface for 2 days. The oil on the surface of the seeds should be washed and then sowed. The seed sowed in spring should be treated with sand. It is advisable to spend about 50 days in the time of elimination. After mixing seeds with 3 times wet sand, select a well-drained warm place and dig a ditch that is 1m wide and 40-50cm deep. Put in, heap 10-15cm thick, and then cover the soil 10-15cm, water infiltration, wet soil on the cover, after the soil thawing should be sown as soon as possible. In addition, you can also use boiling water method of germination, 1kg seeds into 2kg boiling water, stirring 2-3 minutes, after the daily warm water soak, after a few seed coat cracked, remove and put a warm place, over 1 - Seed sowing in 2 days. 2. Planting 2.1 Selecting a suitable planting zone Peppercorns are warm, hi, light, drought-resistant, aphid-resistant, and wind-resistant. They have strong soil suitability. From the perspective of favorable yield, the annual average temperature of pepper is set at 11°C. Above, the place where annual rainfall is about 500mm should be selected with sufficient light, deep soil, fertile soil, and moist sandy soil to build a garden so as to facilitate good growth of plants, promote lush growth, and facilitate high yields. In the tuyere, it should not be planted on low-lying and easy-to-reach places and on heavy soil. 2.2 Suitable planting seasons Pepper can be planted in both spring and autumn seasons. Autumn leaves can be planted after falling leaves in places where the temperature is not too low. After planting, soil should be cut off to prevent drawing; spring planting can be carried out in the early spring and sprouting in the spring. Pre-planting is beneficial to survival. 2.3 Moderate close planting: The prickly-ash tree is 3–7m high, suitable for dense planting, and 1.5m2m plant spacing can be used for planting, with 3330 plantings per hectare to facilitate early yield improvement. 2.4 Measures to Improve the Survival Rate of Planting? The problem of low survival rate of planting in Zanthoxylum bungeanum is widespread, and the “three big, one fast and one more†cultivation method used by the people in Mindong County has greatly improved the survival rate of transplants. The reason why the pepper has a low survival rate is mainly because the roots of the pepper roots have a short survival time after being lifted off from the ground. They easily die in the air and shorten the exposure time of the roots in the air, thus increasing the survival rate. Based on this, the people in the eastern part of Gansu Province summed up the method of colonization with "large pits, large fertilizers, large amounts of water, rapid transplanting, and multi-grooves," which greatly improved the survival rate of planting. Normally use 80cm80cm square planting points, apply 30 kg of organic fertilizer for each hole, and water 2.5 kg for each hole after planting. Generally, the seedlings will be planted by edges, in order to increase the survival rate. If transported over long distances, the root system should be large. With soil, less root damage, so as to ease the seedlings and promote survival. 3, growth period management? Important content includes weeding, fertilization, pest control and pruning. 3.1 Weeding? The root system of prickly ash, prickly ash, and weeds compete with the Chinese zanthoxylum bungeanum to compete for water. The production is characterized by the fact that “prickly ash does not weed, and it is old when it grows oldâ€, especially during the 1-3 year old sapling period, it is a kind of pepper. After the planting period, the weeds should be promptly removed to promote the robust growth of the tree. 3.2 fertilization? Zanthoxylum bungeanum with fruits as the main harvest, should be focused on the application of phosphorus and potassium fertilizers in fertilizer application, generally should be applied in July and September after the fruit is applied a base fertilizer, base fertilizer applied in accordance with each plant organic fertilizer 50kg, superphosphate 1kg, The 7.5kg standard for plant ash is applied between rows. During the growth period of pepper and fruit, 2 nitrogen supplements were applied, and 0.25 kg of urea was applied to each plant to maintain strong growth. 3.3 Pruning Trim to update and control the results of the main part of the external shift, each year in the fallen leaves should be promptly removed dead branches, renewed old fruit branches, to maintain the ability of the tree vigorous results. 3.4 Insect Killers The main pests of peppercorns are grasshoppers, long-tailed cattle, and swallowtails. Aphids mainly occur during the flowering period and fruit growth period, and are sprayed with 2.5% of the enemy to kill and 4000 times of the liquid. Tianniu can be used to catch adults, larvae spraying 2000 times the "1605" solution, with the wire to kill the larvae. Papilio sp. sprays 6,000 times 2.5% of the enemy during the larval period.
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