Zha Nong, Zuodi Village, Suliuzhuang Town, Xiajin County: This year, our large arch shed watermelon has a lot of bad fruit, and the melon is not right (right), which seriously affects the commodity. What is the reason? What should I do?
Xiajin County Vegetable Bureau Wang Deming, Yang Defeng: Watermelon is native to tropical South Africa. It grows like high temperature, dry and sufficient light, especially in the flowering and fruiting period (female flowering to fruit hair removal) at a suitable temperature of 25-30 °C. -6 days, this time requires strict environmental conditions, otherwise it will cause melons.
First, the reasons for bad fruit:
1. Insufficient illumination. Watermelon is the most needy glare in melon crops. If there is insufficient low-temperature illumination, it will cause organ dysplasia, plant growth potential will be weakened, and it will also cause melons due to malnutrition. This phenomenon often occurs in early spring protected areas.
2. No pollination. Watermelon is a male and female flower and is an insect flower. In the early spring, there is a lack of insect pollination in the large arch shed, so it is necessary to artificially pollinate in time, otherwise it will easily cause the melon.
3. Insufficient water. During the flowering result, if the water is insufficient, the development of the female flower ovary is blocked, which will also affect the sitting.
4, more nitrogen fertilizer. During the growth of watermelon, especially in the flowering stage, the nitrogen fertilizer is too much, which will cause excessive vegetative growth and inhibit reproductive growth. Stem and leaf growth consumes a lot of nutrients, and the nutrients supplied to flowers and fruits are relatively reduced, and the young melons will fall off due to insufficient nutrition.
5. The density is too large. The planting density is large, the light is insufficient, the vegetative growth is too strong, affecting reproductive growth, and it is not easy to sit on the melon.
6, high temperature and high humidity. In the protected cultivation environment, the temperature is high and the humidity is high. This condition is favorable for vegetative growth, and the plant grows too vigorously, causing madness and being difficult to sit on the melon.
7, pests and diseases. Because the pests and diseases damage the young fruit, it will also cause the melon.
Second, improve the fruit set rate measures:
1. Increase the light. Watermelon is a hi-light crop, and the seed setting rate is low under low temperature and low light. Therefore, it is necessary to increase the light intensity to increase the fruit setting rate. For example, in the cultivation of protected land, the shed film can be opened or reduced as much as possible, and the watermelon plants can be used to receive as much light as possible without dripping or cleaning the water droplets in the film.
2. Reasonable dense planting ensures good ventilation and light transmission. The planting density of watermelons is not shaded by each other, and the principle of favorable ventilation is 800-1000 per mu of early-maturing varieties; 500-800 per mu of mid-late maturing varieties.
3. Control the appropriate temperature. The suitable temperature for watermelon flowering and fruit setting is 25 °C, and the lowest limit is 18 °C. Otherwise, the fruit setting rate is low and the deformed fruit is easy to produce. Therefore, measures should be taken to make the watermelon in the flowering stage in the environment of 25 °C, cultivate in the early spring, and increase the temperature during the flowering period, but prevent high temperature and high humidity.
4. Coordinate the relationship between vegetative growth and reproductive growth. If the stems and leaves grow too vigorously or grow too weak, it will easily lead to falling flowers. Therefore, do not apply nitrogen fertilizer, control the fertilizer and water during the flowering period, so as not to prolong the melon. If there is a phenomenon of madness, the tip of the sprained stem should be used in time, and the stems before the node of the fruit set should be twisted to inhibit the production of stems and leaves. If the plant grows weakly and the ovary is small, it can be root-dressed, increase plant growth, and promote flowering and fruit setting.
5. Perform artificial assisted pollination. When watermelon is cultivated in a protected area, the use of artificially assisted pollination can significantly increase the fruit setting rate due to the lack of insect pollination. If necessary, use a moderate amount of sitting sugar or other plant growth regulators.
6. Careful management. Generally, in early spring, large sheds of watermelon contain 3 vines. It is necessary to prevent mechanical damage and artificially cause fruit drop, and timely prevent pests and diseases, and reduce the flowering and melon caused by pests and diseases.
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