Recently, researchers in the United States have discovered that the Mediterranean diet (ingestion of more olive oil rich in oleic acid) can prevent breast cancer. They also found that oleic acid may become a future medicine. The researchers published these findings on Annals of Oncology on January 10, 2005. A series of experiments on breast cancer cells proved that oleic acid can greatly reduce the level of the oncogene Her-2/neu. Studies have shown that one-fifth of breast cancer patients have elevated levels of Her-2/neu, and these patients are more aggressive. Oleic acid not only inhibits the overexpression of this gene, but other experiments have also shown that it can improve the therapeutic efficacy of breast cancer drug trastuzumab. This drug is a monoclonal antibody drug that targets the Her-2/neu gene and can prolong the lives of some breast cancer patients. The researchers believe that their findings reinforce the results of epidemiological studies that show that the Mediterranean diet can prevent cancer, heart disease and aging. Studies of southern European populations have shown that monounsaturated fatty acids (such as oleic acid) can affect breast cancer risk, but the results of animal experiments were not. The researchers found that oleic acid increases the expression of p27Kip1, a tumor suppressor protein that may be the root cause of the sensitizing effect of oleic acid on Herceptin's efficacy. These findings will not only help clarify the molecular mechanisms by which fatty acids regulate breast cancer cell malignancy, but also suggest that oleic acid-based intervention therapy may delay or prevent herceptin-resistance in Her-2/neu-positive breast cancer patients.
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