High-yield cultivation techniques for leaf mustard

1 Cultivation characteristics

The leaf mustard is a cruciferous plant with a straight root and a thick root. The stem has short stems and flowering stems. Some varieties are strong in branching. The leaves are long oval or long obovate, and the pages are smooth or shrunken. Seeds are round or elliptical, some appear reddish brown, and some appear brown. Mustard is native to southern China and is a low-temperature, long-day crop. Cold and humid conditions are conducive to its growth, not resistant to heat and drought. The average temperature during the germination period is 25 °C, and the average temperature of the seedling period is 21 °C. The growth period is 20 °C - 12 °C, which is most beneficial to the improvement of yield and quality.

2 variety selection and cultivation season

Leaf mustard can be divided into early, middle and late varieties according to the length of growth. Production is generally selected to have strong disease resistance, heat and weather resistance. In order to improve the yield and quality of leaf mustard, it should be based on the characteristics of different varieties and the moderately late-maturing varieties with stricter temperature, so that they should be planted in autumn and winter, that is, from September to November, and harvested after December. For those early and medium-maturing varieties that have strong adaptability to high temperature and are not easy to extract moss and are used for smaller plants, they can be planted in April-September, and the sowing period can be appropriately postponed in warm areas. Most of the mustard varieties grown in northern China are tiller mustard, harvested in autumn, and harvested before frost. The excellent varieties of common species are: Xueli and Huishan leaf mustard. The plants in the snow are semi-erect, the leaves are clustered, the plant height is 50-55 cm, and the development degree is 30-35 cm. The leaves are dark green, narrow and long, the leaves are shrunk, and the leaves are not deep. The petiole is thinner, the color is lighter green, and there are about 50 leaflets per plant. The petiole is about 25 cm long and has a transverse diameter of about 0.5 cm. The root is small conical and weighs 150-400 grams per plant. The leaves are thick and tender, and the mustard is light, suitable for pickles and cooked food. It is a precocious variety with a growth period of about 65 days. Cold-resistant, disease-resistant, and insect-resistant. Each 667 square meters produces 3000-3500 kilograms; Huishan flower leaf mustard has less tiller, leaves are long oval, and the leaf margin is deep. There are about 16 leaves per plant. The plant weighs about 200 grams. Mustard is strong and can be fried and pickled. Resistant to pests and diseases. The product is about 4,500 kilograms per 667 square meters, and the variety is relatively high-yield.

3 cultivation methods and techniques

The north is broadcast live in the open field. When planting, avoid the high temperature season with an average temperature of 24 °C or above, so as to avoid the occurrence of viral diseases. So the vast majority is autumn.

3.1 Site preparation

Before planting, the organic fertilizer is evenly spread on the surface of the clam, combined with deep turning, 3000 kg of decomposed organic fertilizer per 667 square meters. The earthworms are smashed and smashed to make a flat 1.3 meters wide and 10 meters long.

3.2 Sowing and seedlings and colonization

When planting, you can first ditch in the field of 20 to 30 cm in the field, 3 cm deep, and then evenly sow, cover the soil, watering after a little suppression. The amount of live seed is about 200 grams. After sowing, cover the sunshade net, the seeds are watered in the morning and evening before emergence. After the emergence, the sunshade nets are picked up and set up as small arches with bamboo sticks, and then covered for about 15 days. This not only prevents rainstorms, moisturizes, but also avoids aphids and reduces the virus. Infection of the disease. After emergence, 2-3 pieces of true leaves can be seedlings, and 4-5 pieces of true leaves can be seeded. Leaf mustard is mostly marketed as small plants, so it should be densely planted. The seedlings are 15 cm apart. Leaves with mustard roots are relatively slow, so try to prevent root damage during colonization to facilitate its growth.

3.3 Field Management

After the mustard is planted, the water should be sufficient for rapid growth. The mustard in the summer and early autumn should be drained and flood-proof, and the late autumn should pay attention to drought prevention. Mustard is a fertilizer-tolerant vegetable that requires a large amount of fertilizer. It should be followed by quick-acting fertilizer. After 3 to 4 days after planting, it is necessary to topdress in time. Each 667 square meters can be used to recover 15 kg of urea and 30 kg of compound fertilizer. Generally topdressing 2-3 times. In top dressing, it is necessary to carry out cultivating and weeding, watering, preventing soil compaction and maintaining moisture to promote lateral bud growth and increase yield.

4 pest control

Viral disease is the main disease of mustard and is transmitted by aphids. High temperature and drought are easy to develop.

4.1 Symptoms of viral disease

The leaves are in the form of dark green and light green interlaced mosaics, chlorotic or even translucent along the veins, the leaves are curved and curled, and some are curled into deformities or twisted to one side, and grow slowly; brown necrotic spots on the back of the leaves, on the veins A strip-shaped split is formed; in severe cases, the plant is dwarfed, and the lower leaves turn yellow or even die.

4.2 Prevention methods

Control mites in time. Control aphids, use virus A wettable powder 500 times solution, or 0.5% anti-toxic agent No. 1 water agent 200-300 times solution, or 20% virus net 500 times solution, or 1.5% of phytopathic emulsion 1000 times solution spray. It can also spray the virus, virus, and other agents, spray once every 5-7 days, and continuously spray 2 to 3 times. Implement crop rotation to avoid continuous cropping with cruciferous vegetables. Keep away from poisonous plants, cruciferous weeds and susceptible plants are sources of poison. Use a variety of disease-resistant, erect mustard varieties, appropriate late sowing, staggered high temperature period.

5 harvest

After the mustard grows, it is harvested in time before the frost. Stop watering ten days before harvest to improve quality. Mustard greens should not be stored for long periods of time and transported over long distances.

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