Kidney beans are also known as green beans, kidney beans, and rice beans. Bean is a cultivar in the genus Leguminosae, an annual herb. The bean is rich in nutrients, and contains 1.1-3.2 g of protein and 0.2 g of fat per 100 g of kidney beans. From the nutrients contained, the protein content is higher than that of chicken. The calcium content is more than 7 times that of chicken, iron is 4 times, and vitamin B is higher than chicken. Kidney beans are native to Central America. Introduced to Europe in the early 16th century. China has been introduced many times since the late Ming Dynasty and is currently planted in vast areas of China. Kidney beans are mainly distributed in Shaanxi, Shanxi, Hebei, Beijing and other regions. Beans prefer a cool climate, so it is suitable for cultivation in the north, the whole growth period of beans is about 100 days, the yield is high, the seeds are full, the color is bright, and the commodity rate is high. The bean is not allowed to be continuously cropped, otherwise the acidity of the soil will increase, thereby inhibiting the activity and development of the rhizobium, and the pests and diseases are aggravated. The rotation period of kidney beans is at least 3-4 years. More than grass crop rotation. In this program, we will introduce the cultivation techniques of kidney beans in the northern region.
sowing
Sowing at the right time is the key to ensuring the ripening and high yield of kidney beans. The northern region generally starts to grow beans in mid-June. Planting excellent varieties is an important prerequisite for high yield of kidney beans. Before planting, it should be planted with high yield and good quality. .
The main varieties grown in the northern region are: Pinhao No. 2, Beijing Small Black Kidney Bean, British Red Kidney Bean, Early Green Bean and other varieties.
The beans must be selected before seeding, and the seeds with large, full, good color and no pests and diseases should be selected, and the seeds with poor maturity, pests, insects, broken seeds and other inferior seeds should be removed. Improve seed purity. Increase the germination rate. Kidney beans can usually be soaked, but do not require germination. Seeds soaked in seeds have higher seedling emergence rate than dry seeds, early emergence and high uniformity. So soaking seeds is a simple and effective way to increase yield. When soaking seeds, the salt is diluted with a warm water of 55 ° C - 60 ° C into a 30% saline solution. Pour the bean seed into the saline solution, stir the bean seed, and stop mixing and remove the impurities and bad seeds floating on the water when the water temperature drops to 30 °C. After soaking the seeds for 1-2 hours, the seeds were taken out and the water was emptied. After drying, it can be sown. Beans have wide adaptability to soil, slightly alkali-resistant, too sticky and low-temperature soil is not conducive to the development of roots and rhizobium. The soil is deep, the soil is fertile, and the well-drained neutral sandy loam grows best. It should be noted here that the beans are not heavy and should not be used continuously. The beans are mostly rotated with cereal crops. Such as corn, millet and so on. Rotation can significantly increase food production and economic benefits per unit area. The rotation period should be at least 3-4 years before the sowing of the beans should be poured once to facilitate the germination of the seeds. The amount of water that is watered is still a little bigger.
Applying the base fertilizer is an important technical link for the high yield of the bean. The amount of the base fertilizer should be enough for the whole growth period of the bean. Therefore, the general dosage is large. Base fertilizer plays an important role in improving soil and improving soil fertility. According to the standard of 3000kg of organic fertilizer per acre, fertilization is used as the base fertilizer. Because the demand for phosphorus in the growing season is relatively large, in order to ensure the high yield of the healthy growth of the bean, in addition to the application of organic fertilizer, some diammonium phosphate should be applied. The application rate is 25kg-35kg of diammonium phosphate per acre. Note that the fertilizer must be spread evenly. After applying the base fertilizer, we still need to plow the soil. Fine ground preparation should be done. The root system of kidney beans is relatively developed, and the soil should be deeper. The soil should be relatively soft, so it should be based on deep cultivation. The depth of deep ploughing is generally 15cm-20cm. After ploughing the soil, level the land. After the flattening, you can plant it.
Sowing beans is generally good on-demand. In order to ensure that the planting is straight, the line should be marked before planting. When on demand, farmers can use the on-demand device for seeding, which can improve the efficiency of planting and reduce the intensity of work. And compared to machine seeding, the cost is low and easy to use. The hole should be carried out according to the standard of the line spacing of 40cm-50cm and the plant spacing of 13.5cm. The depth of the on-demand seeding is about 3-4cm. The height of the seed from the ground should not be too deep, otherwise it is not conducive to the sprouting of the beans. When sowing, it is better to seed 2-3 seeds per hole. Calculated according to the weight of each 100 bean seeds weighing 30g-50g. The amount of seeding should be 3kg-5kg per bean bean. According to past experience, it is better to broadcast a little seed at the time of sowing to prevent the lack of seedlings and ridges after emergence.
Field management
Kidney beans are heat-resistant and warm. The minimum temperature of seed germination is 8°C-12°C, and the optimum temperature for germination is 25°C-30°C. The bean sprouts can be started about 10 days after sowing. No special management is required after emergence. In order to make the seedlings evenly distributed and the individual develops well, the seedlings should be carried out when the bean seedlings grow to 8cm-10cm. The seedlings should be carried out according to the standard of line spacing 40-50cm and plant spacing 13.5-15cm. When the seedlings are in use, the weak seedlings, diseased seedlings, seedlings, and seedlings should be removed, and the seedlings and seedlings should be kept. Planting density was determined based on the variety and growth of kidney beans. It is appropriate to retain about 6000-10000 seedlings per acre of beans. If the density is too large, it is not conducive to the growth of kidney beans. Whether or not to water after the seedlings should be determined according to the soil moisture. If the moisture is not good, it can be properly watered.
The growth of the bean sprouts is slow, and it is mostly planted in the warm, rainy summer. The weeds grow fast and easily grow into grass. Therefore, it is generally necessary to carry out cultivating and weeding the kneading dough when the seedling grows to 10 cm to 12 cm. Ensure that the beans have sufficient nutrients and space for healthy growth. At this time, weeding and weeding can also promote the growth of the roots of the bean; however, it must be noted that the medium tillage should not be too deep, so as not to damage the roots and affect the growth of the beans. The second cultivating was carried out 10-15 days after the first cultivating.
The water needed for the life of the kidney bean is equivalent to 100 to 150 mm of rainfall. If you encounter a period with no rainfall or little rainfall, you should properly water the beans in the middle of August to enter the flowering and pod-forming period. Relatively speaking, the flowering and pod-forming period requires more water, and the soil water content cannot be lower than 13%. At this time, it is the rainy season. The rainfall in the general year can meet the needs of flowering and pod-forming. If this period is too dry, it should be watered in time, otherwise it will fall and affect the output. At the same time, it should be noted that the water during the flowering period should not be excessive. Excessive water will cause the plants to grow and the number of pods to decrease.
Skillful application of topdressing is an important part of high-yield cultivation of kidney beans. After the basic pods of the beans, the urea should be applied once for topdressing. This topdressing can extend the functional period of the leaves to increase the grain and increase the weight of the kernel. It is the key to high yield. Topdressing urea should be done as a ditch. First ditch on the ground, the depth of the ditch should be no less than 5cm. According to the standard of 5kg-10kg of urea per acre, the soil is applied after application. Whether or not watering after topdressing should be determined by specific circumstances. If the soil fertility is insufficient, apply potassium dihydrogen phosphate on the basis of topdressing urea, and dilute to 300-400 times liquid according to the standard of 200 g of potassium dihydrogen phosphate per acre. Spray evenly.
It is the top priority for high-yield cultivation of kidney beans. In mid-August, the flowering and pod-forming period of the bean was a period of frequent growth of the bean pest. The main pests of kidney beans are leaf miners, aphids, and red leafhoppers. 20% Avicidin microemulsion should be used to control the leaf miner. According to the standard of 20% avidin microemulsion (plaque potential) 45g~60g per acre, 20% avidin microemulsion is diluted into Spraying after 1500-2000 times of liquid. Spray should be even, according to the condition, spray every 5-10 days. Spray 2-3 times. Aphids, red leafhoppers are very harmful to plants, they not only harm the beans, but also spread the virus, leading to viral diseases. Control aphids, red leaf mites, can be controlled with 5% cyhalothrin, according to the use of 35ml-45ml per acre, diluted into 1000 times liquid and sprayed. It is better to spray the medicine once after 10 days. The main diseases of kidney beans are anthracnose and powdery mildew. These diseases are highly contagious and serious, and should be based on prevention. The method of prevention is. First, we must choose resistant varieties and seedless plants. Second, it should be rotated with grasses such as corn, wheat, and millet, and the rotation cycle should be at least 3-4 years. The fourth is drug control, the drug control methods of anthracnose and powdery mildew are basically the same. In the early stage of the disease, it can be diluted with 1000g-90g per mu, and then diluted into 1000 times. Spray once every 7 days to 10 days. Spray continuously for 2 to 3 times. Can effectively control the disease epidemic.
Harvest
Harvesting at the right time, the return of the granules is one of the important links to ensure the high yield and good harvest of the beans. The harvest is early, affecting the grain fullness, the harvest is late, and the yield is lost due to the fried pods or rainy days. Generally, when 80% of the bean pods turn from green to yellow, the grain moisture content is about 40%. Succession should be started. After harvesting, the beans should be placed on a flat and dry ground for drying. According to the weather conditions. Drying for 3 days to 4 days, after the most pods of the pods, you can thresh
When threshing, use a wooden stick to beat for threshing. The force should be moderate when hitting, and should not be too heavy to avoid crushing the grain and affecting the yield. Use cockroaches to screen out the impurities in the pea kernels. If conditions permit, it can also be used to remove impurities. After coarse mixing, it should be sieved for fine selection to remove bad particles, broken grains and diseased grains. The degranulated particles are placed in a bag for storage.
Kidney beans should be stored in a dry and ventilated warehouse. If planted properly, the yield of beans can reach 800kg.
The above is the main point of the cultivation technology of kidney beans. It is summarized that the soil is deeply ploughed before planting, the base fertilizer is applied, the water is properly watered, the formula is fertilized, and the harvest is timely. With the improvement of people's living standards and the gradual improvement of the dietary structure, the prospects and economic benefits of farmers' friends planting beans will be further improved and improved.
Disclaimer: Some articles on this website are transferred from the Internet. If legal rights of third parties are involved, please inform this website. phone
Anchovy Fish
Anchovy Fish,Frozen Anchovies,Raw Anchovies,Flat Anchovies
ZHEJIANG EVERNEW SEAFOOD CO.,LTD , https://www.evernewseafood.com