2. Reasonable deep cultivation. Deep tillage can deepen the soil layer, increase the water permeability, increase the water storage capacity, and promote the root system and the root absorption range, and improve the water and fertilizer utilization rate. According to some data, the soil bulk density decreased by 0.1-0.2 g/cm3, the total porosity increased by 3%-8%, the non-capillary pores increased by 4%-8%, and the field water holding capacity increased by 3%~4%.
3. Add organic fertilizer, improve soil, fertilize soil fertility, and improve soil water storage capacity.
4. Promote the technology of ground cover (such as covering, covering grass, covering crop straw, etc.) to reduce evaporation of water in the field.
5. Promote new irrigation technologies. (1) Pipe irrigation. The use of low-pressure pipelines for water irrigation, with the characteristics of flexible watering, uniform watering, and less impact on land unevenness, can also be long-short, short-casting, wide-narrowing and narrow-casting. Generally, the amount of water per irrigation can be reduced by 20 times. %-30%. (2) Sprinkler irrigation. Sprinkler irrigation is the flow of water through pipes, nozzles and other mechanical equipment. The pressurized water is sprayed into the air and dispersed into fine water droplets to fall to the ground to replenish the soil moisture. Sprinkler irrigation can adjust the irrigation quota according to the water demand characteristics of different growth stages of fruit trees, so that the soil moisture is always kept within the range suitable for fruit tree growth, and no surface runoff and underground leakage are generated. Generally, the water can be saved by about 50% compared with the channel water supply method. . (3) Drip irrigation. Drip irrigation is to transport the source water through the pipeline system to the final pipeline (hair tube), and then through the irrigator such as the dripper on the capillary tube, the water is evenly and slowly dropped into the soil near the fruit tree, generally more than 50% water saving than the ground irrigation; It is 15%-20% water-saving than sprinkler irrigation, and energy saving is more than 30%.
6. Improve irrigation methods. (1) Small water sinks. That is to say, when the amount of water is small, in order to reduce channel leakage and speed up the flow of water, a method of collecting the group wells can be adopted to concentrate the water supply to a channel to expand the scope of the watering and improve the irrigation efficiency. (2) Watering the land. That is, when the water is poured to 70%-80% of the length of the crucible, it is changed to another crucible, which not only prevents the water from draining and water loss, but also saves about 20% of water.
7. Pour the key water. Fruit trees are sensitive to water deficits at different growth stages. Plant physiology is called the “water critical periodâ€, which is the most sensitive to the lack of water in the whole life of the plant and has the greatest impact on the yield. The water critical period of fruit trees is the initial stage of flowering and fruit growth. In production, when the water source is sufficient and the irrigation conditions are good, the water demand of the fruit trees should be met in time to promote the robust growth of the plants; when the water source is insufficient, the water needs to be guaranteed in the critical period of the fruit trees to maintain its normal growth and development.
8. Reasonable use of chemical water retention agents and drought-resistant agents.
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