Frost is a relatively common agricultural meteorological disaster that occurs in winter and spring. It is mostly caused by the cold wave southward. The temperature suddenly drops below zero degrees Celsius in a short time, or the weather changes from cloudy to clear on the night of the day because of the cold. It is caused by intense radiation and cooling. This is what people often say is "aggravated." Frost damage to garden plants is mainly caused by the freezing of water in the plant tissue cells, resulting in physiological drought, which causes it to be damaged or died, causing great losses to the garden production. Frost is generally divided into three types. The frost formed by the invasion of strong cold air from the north is common in the early spring and late autumn in the north of the Yangtze River, and in winter in south and southwest China. The people in the north call it "wind frost" and meteorology, "advance frost." On a clear, windless night, the ground is exposed to low temperatures due to intense radiation. The masses call it "clear frost" or "quiet frost," and meteorology is called radiation frost. First because of the invasion of strong cold air from the north, the temperature dropped sharply, the night was clear after the wind stopped, radiation heat dissipation was strong, the temperature dropped again, causing frost, this frost is called mixed frost or advection radiation frost, and is also the most common kind of frost. Once this kind of frost occurs, the temperature is often drastically reduced and the air is cold and dry. It is easy for the crops and garden plants to wither and die. Therefore, this kind of frost should pay special attention to avoid serious economic losses. After being exposed to frost, the garden plants have yellow-brown leaves that resemble burns. The frozen parts are hot and flaky after thawing, and then turn yellow and dry. Now introduce several effective methods to prevent frost: Irrigation: Irrigation can increase the air humidity near the ground, protect the ground heat, increase the air temperature (air temperature can be about 2 °C). Due to the large heat capacity of the water and the slow cooling, the field temperature does not drop rapidly. As for small-scale garden plants, water spray can also be used. The method is to spray water on the plants one hour before the frost comes. Because the water temperature is higher than the temperature, the water will release heat when the plants are cold, plus the water temperature is higher than the freezing point, so as to prevent frost, the effect is better. Covering method: It is to use rice straw, straw, ash, weeds, nylon, etc. to cover the plants, which can prevent the cold air from attacking outside and reduce heat loss from the ground. Generally, it can increase the temperature by 1-2°C. Some dwarf seedling plants can also be buried in soil so that they will not be frozen. This method can only prevent small areas of frost, the advantage of which is long antifreeze. Smoke method: Firewood, cow dung, sawn timber, waste engine oil, red phosphorus, or other smoke substances that produce a lot of smoke are ignited half an hour or one hour before the frost. The smoke can stop the heat loss on the ground, and the smoke itself will also generate a certain amount of heat, which generally can increase the air temperature near the ground floor by 1-2°C. However, this method must have certain weather conditions, and the cost is high. It pollutes the atmosphere and is not suitable for general promotion. It only applies to the prevention of short-time frosts and the use on rare trees and their nurseries. Fertilization method: Applying organic fertilizers before the onset of the cold wave, especially using semi-mature organic fertilizer as a base fertilizer, can improve soil structure and enhance its ability to absorb heat and keep warm. Semi-mature organic fertilizers can also be used to dissipate heat during the process of decomposing and increase the soil temperature. After winter, warming fertilizers can be used to plant forest trees and have obvious antifreeze effects. Commonly used fertilizers are manure, compost, and ash. This method is simple and easy, but to master the local climate rules, it should be applied 3-4 days before the onset of frost. After winter, lime and water can be used to whiten the trunks of trees and fruit trees to reduce heat dissipation.
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