Rice live broadcast is a cultivation mode in which seeds are directly sown on the field, thus eliminating the need for breeding and transplanting, which greatly saves labor costs. Compared with rice transplanting mode, rice direct seeding has the advantages of no slow seedling stage, early tillering, low tillering, more effective panicles, early maturity, labor saving and labor saving. Here is a brief introduction to the high-yield technology of rice live broadcast .
First, the type of direct seed rice
The live broadcast of rice is divided into dry live broadcast and live water.
Dry live broadcast refers to the field in the case of drought and water shortage. After the ploughing is applied to the base fertilizer, the rice seeds that have been soaked in the germination or dry valley are directly seeded into the field, and then covered with rice seeds to spray the herbicide, using natural rainfall or Irrigation reaches the field to moisten the rice seeds, and is managed as usual after emergence. The spring drought and water shortage field can be planted in the season according to the technology. Once the rain can catch up with the season, it can avoid the shortage. The dry-lived cultivation technology has the advantages of drought resistance, cold resistance, water saving, labor saving, labor saving, and easy operation.
In the area where the water source is in good condition, the water is usually broadcasted and the target field is leveled.
Then let the water fall and dry for 1 night, and the next day, leave the melon skin water for sowing. The advantages are that the land preparation and labor are easy to level, the soil in the tillage layer is soft, and the irrigation layer is stable. The heat preservation effect of the irrigation layer can be used to improve the mud temperature to prevent cold damage and promote seed germination, seedling growth and growth. The disadvantage is that if the drainage is not timely, incomplete or in the rainy weather, rotten seeds and rotten buds often appear in the rooting stage, resulting in lack of seedlings.
Second, the problems in the production of direct seed rice
Due to climatic reasons, seed causes, and inadequate management, rice live broadcast has some problems in rice live broadcast technology.
Difficult to complete seedlings. The live broadcast has higher requirements for land consolidation and harvesting, and the Putian is so hard that it does not step on the valley after the broadcast. It is easy to dry and bud dead in the sunny weather; Putian is not evenly tidy. After the rain, the weather is low and the water is hot and dead. The continuous live broadcast is likely to cause shallower tillage layers, affecting yield and quality.
The grass is heavy. Rice field weeds have always been difficult to solve. Due to the large gap between direct seeding rice fields, seedlings compete on the same starting line, weeds and rice have a long symbiotic period, and the growth potential is often stronger than rice seedlings. The weeds in direct seeding rice fields are characterized by many species, large amount of occurrence, fast growth, and serious damage. If weed management is not in place, it directly affects the rate of panicle formation and yield of rice.
Easy to fall. Due to the shallow root system of the direct seeding rice, the plant is higher than the transplanting, and the late management is not easy to fall. Therefore, in the production, we must pay attention to the technical measures such as dry seedlings, full seedlings, early weeding, weeding and prevention, fattening and anti-premature aging, and robust cultivation and lodging prevention.
Third, high-yield cultivation techniques of direct seeding rice
In order to obtain high-quality and high-yield direct seeding rice, it is necessary to organize production according to the characteristics and technical standards of direct seeding rice, and do a good job in all aspects such as variety selection, land consolidation, timely sowing, scientific water management, and prevention and control of pests and diseases.
Variety selection
In the selection of varieties, we must first select early and medium-maturing varieties with moderate growth period; second, we should choose large-ear, high-yield and high-quality varieties with dwarf stalk, fertility resistance, lodging resistance and strong rooting ability. Early rice seeding is often affected by temperature conditions during sowing, and the double-night live broadcast is restricted by the pre-production and cold dew. All localities should choose a suitable arrangement for the variety according to the climatic conditions. Under the premise of small-scale trials and trials, the experience should be gradually carried out in large-scale cultivation, and it should not be blindly implemented.
The seeds were immersed for 1-2 days in the morning before soaking in the dry season. The soaking seeds were soaked in water intermittently. The immersion was alternately less immersed and exposed. The soaking time of hybrid rice was no more than 8-10 hours. The time of conventional rice soaking was slightly longer than that of hybrid rice. When germination is required, it is required to rush to the buds and long grain valleys.
2. Land consolidation
Fine land preparation. It is best to choose no-tillage wheat, glutinous rice glutinous rice or sorghum rapeseed rinsing. You can use the original sloping field and gully conditions to achieve early ploughing, flat surface, moderate mud and soft soil, and smooth drainage and irrigation in the field. . The field leveling work is done one day before sowing, and the seed is to be planted after the mud is solid.
Scientific fertilization. Fertilization should meet the needs of early rice “pre-promotion, medium-term stability, and late-stage anti-agingâ€. The method of “pre-promotion, central control, and post-complementation†is adopted. The base fertilizer accounts for 60% of the total fertilization, and the topdressing fertilizer accounts for 40% of the total fertilization. %, requires the balance of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, and avoid applying nitrogen fertilizer.
The field ditch system is suitable for irrigation and drainage. Direct seeding cultivation is convenient for irrigation and drainage in the field. Usually, shallow irrigation and drainage ditch are dug around the field to facilitate irrigation and drainage to facilitate rice survival. If you use mechanical topdressing or spraying, you need to leave a working lane at a fixed distance in the field to facilitate field operations such as topdressing and spraying.
3. Seeding at the right time
Timely sowing is the key to the technical seedlings. Direct seeding of rice should improve the quality of sowing and ensure that all seedlings are planted. Transplanted rice is planted 7-10 days earlier than live rice. The daily average temperature is stable above 12 °C is the appropriate period for early rice live broadcast, rushing to the cold tail to sow. From the beginning of July to July 20th, it is a double-night live broadcast period, ensuring that the breeding period of more than 2 months can reach the safe Qisui.
The characteristics of the variety determine the amount of sowing. For varieties with weak tillering power, compact plant type, high 1000-grain weight, and early maturity, the amount of seeding can be increased, and vice versa. The effective spikes of direct seeding rice are mainly the main ear and the low-node branching, so it is necessary to ensure sufficient basic seedlings through dense broadcasting. The average seeding rate is 45~60kg/hm2 for conventional rice and 30~37.5kg/hm2 for hybrid rice. For the varieties with weak cold resistance at the seedling stage, the seeding rate per acre is increased by about 10%.
4. Scientific water management
Scientific water management is the key to high yield of direct seed rice. The water management strategy is “to promote the needles after the sowing, the shallow water irrigation to promote the tillers, the timely control of the field, the dry and wet alternately promote the groutingâ€. From sowing to 1.5 leaves, do a good job of "sunny ditch water, cloudy and half ditch water, draining water in rainy days", and insist on wetness in the fields. 1.5-3 leaves mainly rely on moist irrigation to promote deep rooting; 3-5 leaves shallow water irrigation to promote tillering, multiple exposures in the field; 5-6 leaves light drying field, 7-8 leaf heavy drying field control invalid tillering. The initial spike to the heading stage is the peak of water demand in rice. After the heading, the dry and wet alternates, the roots and leaves are preserved, and the clear water is drained one week before harvesting. Pay close attention to the weather forecast. If you encounter cold waves, you can put deep water protection seedlings. After the cold wave, you can slowly drop the water in the original position within 1-2 days. You can't let the water drop quickly, otherwise it will easily cause the young plants to die.
5. Grasp the prevention and control of pests and diseases
1) Weed control
The main weeds in the live field are about 21 families and more than 40 species. Among them, the weeds and the thousand gold are the vicious weeds in the live field. The occurrence of early, long-term and large occurrences can account for 30% to 70% of the problem of grass. Weed control in rice field direct control mainly adopts chemical control, and has now formed a weed control system of “one, two kills and three supplementsâ€, that is, we pay attention to the early closure to reduce the number of weeds, and in the middle and late stages, weeds according to weed conditions. It is a feasible means to solve the problem of weeds and resistance in rice fields.
"One" is the weeding before the seedling. 40% bensulfuron-propionamide wettable powder 60~80 g/mu soil spray can be selected, and the wet field can not be accumulated in the field after the medicine.
"Two kills" means weeding after the seedlings. When the age of weeds is small, choose 36% bensulfuron-methyl quinclorac WP 30g/mu stem and leaf spray, or 25g/L penoxsulam dispersible oil suspension 80~100ml/mu +10% cyhalofoprin emulsifiable concentrate 60~80 ml/mu, mixed with stem and leaf spray.
“Three supplements†means weeding rice from the tillering stage to the jointing stage. If there are still some malignant weeds in the field, you can choose 10% oxazolamide EC 70~80ml/mu+10% cyhalofopram Ester 100ml/mu, or 460g/L. 2 A 4 chlorine solution can be 133 ~ 167 ml / mu, stem and leaf spray.
2) Pest control
The direct seeding of rice seedlings is long, the closure is early, the field is shaded, and the incidence of pests and diseases is high. In particular, pests such as rice sheath blight, rice planthopper, and leafhopper must be comprehensively controlled. The rule of rice field defense is the unified prevention and control time, uniform medicine, and unified prevention and control methods. In particular, in the middle and late stages of paddy field management, the control of rice sheath blight, rice blast, vertical leafhopper, stem borer and rice planthopper can prevent damage to a minimum.
For the control of sheath blight and rice smut, choose 50% epoxiconazole suspension agent 12-15 ml / mu or 20% enestroxamide tebuconazole 30-50 ml / mu; control rice blast can choose 20% three Cyclic azole wettable powder 75-100 g / acre or 30% rice bran emulsifiable concentrate 100-150 ml / acre; control of stem borer selected 10% tetrachlorozamide suspension 40 g / acre or 3% avermectin micro The emulsion is 10-20 ml/mu; the control rice planthopper can choose 50% pymetrozine wettable powder 10 g/mu; the control of rice vertical leaf roller can choose 10% tetrachlorozinamide suspension agent 40 g/mu.
Rice live broadcast technology in the early rice and mid-season planting, the cost-effective increase of 150-200 yuan per mu. The cost reduction will increase the profit, so rice live broadcast technology has been widely used in southern rice growing areas in recent years. The above content is for reference only. If you want to know more about agricultural technology, please pay attention to Hui Nong School!
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