NO1: August melon mosaic disease: In August, melon mosaic disease was caused by a virus. It was the most contagious August melon virus encountered during the cultivation of a melon farm in Jiangxi Province in 2012. The long-distance transport of seedlings is the root cause of the long-distance spread of melon mosaic disease in August. So far, the melon virus of August has been discovered and reported in August. There are three kinds of melon mosaic disease in August. I. Pathogens: The disease is toxic and invasive. Second, the onset conditions: Persistent low temperature of 20 to 26°C, Incidence of rainy weather, Juice propagation There are two kinds of symptoms, one is that the leaves have bright yellow irregular lines or flaky spots, the junction of diseased and healthy parts is obvious, and the veins and vein tissues can be diseased: one is yellow-white irregular lines of leaves or Plaque grayish white, diseased and healthy parts of the junction obvious, veins and pulsed tissue can be disease. Both seriously affect the photosynthetic function of the leaves. 3. Harmfulness: 1. The symptoms of mosaic disease on the melon leaf surface in August mainly include three types: 1. The victim leaves are dark green and light green or yellow-green, like mosaic or zebra crossing. The leaves slightly shrank, the leaf or leaf width became smaller, the leaf quality deteriorated, and the junction between diseased and healthy parts was obvious. Vein veins and interpulse tissues can be pathological. Second, there are yellow-white irregular lines or flaky spots in the leaves. The junction between the diseased and healthy parts is obvious, and the veins and veins between the veins can be pathological. 2. Symptoms of mosaic disease on the melon leaf surface and shoots in August: Viral diseases rarely occur. 20-26 °C for about 2 weeks to the disease. The sap of the disease spreads, sucking mouthparts, gardening tools and grafting scion or seedlings can cause the disease to spread. In August, the incidence of melon seedlings spreads faster. The seedlings are not easy to grow after transplanting, and no new shoots are made. When the melon tree is strong, it does not cause disease, and the result is too much. The management of fertilizer and water cannot keep up with the onset of debilitating tree vigor. The disease is characterized by irregular chlorotic spots near the veins. The mesophyll tissue of the diseased part is poorly developed, and the thinning is local. The color is light green, and the leaves of different thicknesses and thicknesses form with the normal tissues, which are uneven or distorted. NO2: August melon mosaic disease:
The third August melon mosaic virus is a type of virus that is transmitted on plants by ticks. Mosaic virus disease and gangrenous mosaic (ring spot) mosaic disease usually occur as complications on the same plant, and the damage is very serious. Mosaic virus disease, initially manifested as partial or overall wilting of the leaves, yellow-white mottled mosaic-like leaves, shrinking. Plants with early infections and morbidity, poor growth, no anaphylaxis, and heavy losses. Necrotic (ring spot) mosaic disease, forming many 1 to 3 mm dark brown water-clear spots or rim spots between veins, veins and petioles Purple-brown watery necrotic streaks appear. This symptom also appears inside the leaves. Some plants appear unilateral lesions, resulting in distortion of new shoots and leaves; some in the late growth period of infection, only in the leaves of the leaves within the formation of lesions.
NO3: nature of the virus:
Mosaic virus disease is transmitted by the locust vector. The locust sucked up the sap of the eight-month-old melon disease and became poisonous. It transferred the sap from other plants and transmitted the virus. Isolation of infected tapeworms from plants for 3-4 hours results in passivation of the virus and loss of transmission. Aphids are divided into winged and wingless species, both of which live for the whole year. May-June and August are frequent periods of winged activity, followed by an increase in wingless species. Therefore, seedlings cultivated in the spring, at the beginning of growth, many winged aphids flew from other cruciferous plants, and the infected aphids caused mosaic disease. When conditions are right, the incidence is very rapid. Pathogenic viruses attach to the roots of perennial cruciferous plants such as fern diseased plants and overwintering.
NO4: Prevention and control methods: (1) The pathogen of melon mosaic disease in August was mainly wintering in the melon branches in August. It is mainly through grafting, layering, and seedlings to infect fresh shoots and insects. Seriously inspect the seedlings in the nursery and find that the diseased seedlings are removed in time and burned in a concentrated manner; or use markers to isolate and plant them in order to prevent transmission. (2) Selection of disease-resistant varieties. Such as red-2 cutting seedlings, Tianzi 1, brown, cannabis melon series, days purple 2, red-1 layered seedlings, etc., are to obtain virus-free seedlings or get virus-free buds, disease after planting less management. (3) Strengthen cultivation management. Increase organic fertilizers, timely irrigation on dry days, timely drainage in the rainy season, increase tree vigor, and increase tree disease resistance. (4) Eradicate wild hosts near orchards, control aphids, and suck pests. Diseased branches and nursery stocks are the source of the infection of melon mosaics in August; the long-distance transport of these sick branches and seedlings is also the root cause of the long-distance spread of the August melon mosaic disease. Therefore, cultivation should pay attention to planting non-toxic seedlings. When pruning grafts, care should be taken to disinfect the tools. Control methods and cultivation management: (1) Plant disease-free seedlings, cultivate and cultivate non-toxic seedlings, use seed to propagate rootstocks, and use non-toxic scion. The unsuccessful diseased plants should be removed in time. Use weak strains to interfere with the pathogenic strains and reduce the disease. (2). Increase the resistance of melon trees in August, increase organic fertilizers in soils, increase soil fertility, improve soil aggregate structure, cultivate beneficial soil microbial flora, and cultivate roots and trees. Apply zinc, molybdenum, phosphorus, potassium, copper and other fertilizers to improve disease resistance in August. Reasonable load, reasonable pruning, eliminate the phenomenon of size and year; adjust the structure of the tree, ensure the scenery in the garden is good, enhance the tree vigor, and improve the resistance of the tree. Viruses that have been infected at the beginning of the growing season have their limitations and are discovered in time, removed in time, or placed on a sign. After pruning the diseased plants, disinfect the pruning tools with 70% alcohol to avoid spreading through the tools.
NO5: drug control methods:
(1) Biological control: It is recommended to use a new generation of microbial agents - "biological agents." - Spraying: After fruit collection, or before entering the winter (in the autumn garden) and after the beginning of spring, before sprouting, apply the "biological inoculant" 300-500 times; after germination to the flowering stage, combine and prevent other diseases. "Biological inoculants" 500-800 times the application of leaves and branches to prevent and control mosaic disease. ——Smearing: Combine and prevent other diseases during the growth period, use 10-50 times liquid to apply the rod. - Irrigation: In the germination period, use "biological inoculants" 1000-1500 g / acre, dilute 150-300 times liquid to irrigate the roots, the main irrigation subsurface fine root area. (2). Chemical control: The August melons around the diseased plants and diseased plants are about 5 days in the budding stage, 7-10 days after the flowering stage, and after the summer solstice to the equinox (the key stage for the formation of all flower buds and leaf buds in the next year, Generally during the period around mid-July), 40 grams of "biological agent" plus 200 ml of pure milk were used, and 15 kilograms of water was sprayed to prevent and control mosaic disease. Microbial pesticides, ie pesticides made from microorganisms or their metabolites.
(2) Chemical control: If the economic investment is limited, it can be controlled by pesticides, eradicate the wild host near the orchard, and prevent and control August pests and insect pests. General use of high-efficiency and low-toxic protective organic pesticides, that is, organic synthesis of pesticides, the early onset of the disease every 10 to 15 days, continuous control of 2 or 3 times. NO6: Pre-planting instructions: The transmission route and the disease conditions are mainly transmitted through the bought melon seedlings in August, and can also be transmitted during transportation. After the melons become infected in August, the whole plant is poisonous, continues to proliferate, lifelong damage, and lifelong death. Growing, this virus cannot be cured. The occurrence of the disease is closely related to environmental conditions, cultivation management and varieties. Soil drought, adequate fertilizer and water, and strong tree vigor are lighter. When the temperature is 15 to 25°C, the light intensity is strong, and when the temperature is high and the rain is weak, the tree vigor is weak and the symptoms are heavy. Saplings are more susceptible to disease than plants. In the case of field deployment of seedlings, it is found that the seedlings are fine and soft, the roots are dark, the leaves have dark spots, hemp leaves, leaf rolling, mildew, dehydration, and leafless seedlings, including artificial cutting. Therefore, before buying seedlings and sellers have an agreement, found that the seedlings in question can request returns, so that the two parties will not have unnecessary losses. Due to the limited level of articles, only personal reference is provided.
NO7: The purchase of fresh melon seeds in August will take place on July 1st each year. The purchase time will be from November to April next year. It will supply August melon tea all year round.
Company Address: Jishou City, Xiangxi Tujia Miao Autonomous Prefecture, Hunan Province, Gutang Town, Guzhang Town, Guzhang County Enterprise Unit: Guzhang Minghong Agricultural Development Co., Ltd. Branch: Xiangxi Minghong Rare and Exotic Rare Planting (Seeds) Co., Ltd. Branch : Guzhang County, Hunan Province Yizheng Tea Industry Co., Ltd. Tel:18974374233/0743-4728339
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