Generally speaking, the rice grown in the shrimp field is the rice cultivation under the conditions of shrimp and rice co-production. The growth conditions are special, that is, the rice production under the ecological cultivation conditions meets the demand for organic rice. Some experts have gained some experience after several years of exploration of rice cultivation in shrimp fields. The high-yield cultivation techniques of shrimp rice are summarized below.
1 variety selection and seed treatment
Through planting screening, rice variety Huang Huazhan stands out. Huang Huazhan is a high-quality rice variety with a height of 92.3~95.8 m and a whole growth period of 125 d. It is compact in plant type, resistant to fertilizer and lodging, resistant to pests and diseases, with high yield potential, excellent rice quality and high commodity value. These comprehensive traits make it suitable for rice cultivation in shrimp fields.
2 paddy field finishing
In the paddy field, the cofferdam method is adopted. In the paddy field, only one season of rice is planted. The field is separated from the ring ditch by the field, and the height and width of the field are 30 and 20 cm respectively. For the paddy fields where the base fertilizer is applied and the shrimps are raised, the last batch of adult shrimps can be harvested from the end of May to the beginning of June, and 45% of the compound fertilizer 450 kg/hm 2 is applied within 7 days, evenly spread on the field and mechanically ploughed; In order to prevent the crayfish from being lost due to the high density, it is necessary to use the shortest time to process the whole field.
3 precision seeding
3.1 Seed treatment
Seed treatment is done, and the seeds are sun-dried 2 days before sowing. It is treated with imidazole or strong chlorine extract to prevent seedling disease. After soaking seeds, the rice seeds must be washed clean, and the three dip three dews are 48~60 h, germination to white.
3.2 Sowing
Huang Huazhan should adopt live seeding with a seeding rate of 75 kg/hm 2 . When planting, according to the length and width of the field and taking into account the convenience of later application, the width of the car is 4 m, so that it can be planted and planted according to the car. It should be evenly distributed during sowing, and lay the foundation for ensuring uniform and good ventilation between the plants growing in the crayfish.
4 Water and fertilizer management
In the early spring from February to March, the water level of the shrimp farm should be controlled at about 30 cm. After 30 days, the water level needs to be raised by 30 cm and kept at about 60 cm. After the rice is planted from the end of May to the beginning of June, the area of ​​the tank is drained, which is convenient for rice needles. The water control is carried out in front of the 2 leaves and 1 leaf, and the shallow water treatment is needed in the tillering stage. After rehydration, wet management is carried out, and a little water layer is maintained at the booting stage. The principle of water management during the heading and filling stage is dry and wet, and deep water temperature adjustment is required in case of high temperature. Water was cut 7 days before harvest.
After the harvest of rice in the early autumn of October-November, the shrimp fields are filled with water, and the water level is kept at about 30 cm, so that the rice blast is exposed to the water surface by about 10 cm, and the water level during the winter is maintained at 40-50 cm.
In the field, it is required to be short and light, that is, the field does not trap the feet, and the topsoil of the field will not appear white or crack. After that, you should restore the original water level and try not to heat it for a long time.
Fertilization adheres to the principle of pre-promotion, central control and post-complementation. The total fertilizer amount is pure N 180~210 kg/hm 2 , P 2 O 5 75~105 kg/hm 2 , K 2 O 120~150 kg/hm 2 . Do not use ammonia-containing fertilizers that are harmful to crayfish.
5 pest control
The principle of rice pest control in shrimp fields is the prevention and treatment methods and medicaments that have the least impact on shrimp.
Physical control can use insecticidal lamps to trap adults (1 æ¯ per 150 m 2 ). Biological control can also be adopted to protect and use the natural enemies of pests and sexual attractants to trap adult insects. The use of acaricidal bacteria and biopesticide Bt powder for the control of aphids.
Chemical control should be carried out in a timely manner, focusing on prevention and control of pests such as rice locusts, aphids, rice planthoppers, and rice leaf roller, seedling diseases, rice blast, sheath blight, rice false disease and other panicle syndromes. Combine the current forecast of diseases and insects in the local area, and master the prevention and treatment period of various pests and diseases and the methods of administration. The rate of rice stalk horses in the field is 15%, the number of insects is 200/100, the rate of field coils is 30%, and the number of insects is 300/100. Spray with pyridone 60~75 g/hm 2 Prevention and treatment;
The larvae of the locusts were raised to the 1-2 days old nymphal stage, and sprayed with buprofezin 112.5~120.0 g/hm 2 and pymetrozine 60-75 g/hm 2 ; the mites were in the egg priming period before the 2nd instar larvae , using chlorantraniliprole 75 g / hm 2 , insecticidal double or insecticidal 750 ~ 900 g / hm 2, Suyun gold sclerotium (8 000 IU / mg) 3.75 ~ 4.50 kg / hm 2 spray control; Blight in the second to third leaf stage of rice seedlings, sprayed with Guangzhiling 45~90g/hm 2 and dikesone 900~975g/hm 2 spray;
In the early stage of the disease, rice blast is sprayed with tricyclazole 225~300 g/hm 2 ; sheath blight at the early stage of the disease, using Jinggangmycin 150~225 g/hm 2 , difenoconazole · propiconazole 75~ 105 g / hm 2 spray control; rice smut disease 3 ~ 5 d before the break, with difenoconazole and propiconazole 75 ~ 90 g / hm 2 spray control. At the same time of comprehensive prevention and treatment of pests, spraying foliar fertilizer such as potassium dihydrogen phosphate to achieve the purpose of increasing production and income.
6 drainage harvesting
Drainage should be done before harvesting, but special attention should be paid when draining, so that the water level can be lowered to the surface of the field by 5~10 cm at the fastest speed, and then drained slowly, so that the crayfish can return to the annular ditch and the field ditch. Finally, the water level of about 15 cm can be maintained to harvest the rice.
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