In recent years, tomato leaf spot disease gradually took place in Guanzhong area of ​​Shaanxi Province. There was a growing trend. However, many vegetable farmers had misunderstanding on their understanding and were often confused with the low-temperature freezing damage of tomatoes, which led to improper control methods and caused losses. On March 19th, the reporter interviewed Ren Miao, a technician of the vegetable technology promotion station in Suiyang County, Shaanxi Province, with this issue.
First recognize the pathogen
Mr. Ren Miao, a technician from the vegetable technology promotion station in Suiyang County, said that to avoid misunderstandings, the pathogen should be clearly identified first. Gray leaf spot disease and low temperature freezing injury occur in rainy, low temperature, and weak light conditions, and mainly damage the leaves. The symptoms are very similar at the early stage of disease. The leaves are covered with round or irregular spots and expand along the veins. The disease is that the leaf spot of gray leaf spot is distributed over the entire leaf, the color is light brown, the lesion on the back of the leaf is slightly depressed, and the color is darker than the front face of the leaf. When it is serious, it is easy to perforate. The low-temperature freezing lesions spread along the leaf margin to the leaf axis, and the leaf surface color began to yellow, followed by the formation of gray-brown lesions, the back of the leaf was normal, and no perforation occurred. In severe cases, the leaf margin was reeled and the back of leaves was white.
Symptomatic prevention
When talking about prevention and control measures, technician Zhang Ting said that the prevention and control of agricultural control and chemical control. Agricultural control mainly includes the following three methods: (1) Selection of disease-resistant varieties. Fragments in time to ensure ventilation in the field. For the diseased plants, remove the diseased body in time and pull the harvested stubs to the field for burning or deep burial. Increase organic fertilizer and phosphorus and potassium fertilizers to enhance plant disease resistance. (2) timely humidity control temperature. With variable temperature management, effective moisture removal. Choose between 12:00 and 2:00 on sunny days, when the greenhouse temperature gradually rises. First, when the temperature of the greenhouse rises to 33°C, the air is released again. When the temperature in the greenhouse falls to 25°C, the temperature of the air outlet is closed, and the effect of humidity control and temperature control is achieved by reciprocating 3-5 times. In the afternoon, the temperature in the greenhouse should be kept at 25-30°C. When the temperature in the greenhouse drops to 18°C, the vents should be closed to reduce the nighttime temperature drop, and the nighttime greenhouse temperature should be maintained at about 15°C. Rainy days should be promptly opened vent ventilation. (3) Proper close planting. Using wide-row and close-growing cultivation techniques, the north and south sides are double-ridged, with a ridge height of 15 cm, a small row spacing of 60 cm and a large row spacing of 120 cm. The spacing of the rows varies according to the specific conditions and the morphological characteristics of the variety. At the same time, basal fertilizer mainly composed of decomposed farmyard manure was applied, and phosphorus and potash fertilizers were added to prevent partial application of nitrogen fertilizer. The plants were too dense and long and affected the ventilation and light transmission, and reduced the resistance.
When talking about the control of pesticides, Ren Miao said that in the early stage of disease, tomato gray leaf spot can use 300 million CFU/KH, 300 times water spray, spray once every 7-10 days, and shorten the medication when the disease is severe. Intervals can also be combined with silicones to increase adhesion and the effect is more pronounced. In the middle and later stages of disease, choose 40% pyrimethanil suspension, 40% procymidone WP, 25% azoxystrobin suspension, carbendazim + foliar fertilizer, and 15 kg of water, every 5 - 7 days spray 1, severe illness can be shortened to 4-5 days spray 1, spray 2-3 times. When spraying the above medicine, pay attention to the front and back of the blade. The interval between medications may vary depending on the weather, and it may occur on rainy days. Select as many aerosols or dusts as possible. The aerosol agent can be used as a 45% shed cleaning agent, 200-250 grams per acre, ignited in darkness in the evening, and closed in the shed after application.
The energy can flow through the body and interact with damaged cells in many parts of the body operating more like a vitamin that goes where it needs to go. This wavelength is also best for treating the lymph system and acupuncture points. Whereas studies show near-infrared wavelengths in the 850 nm penetrate deeper through skin and bone for relief of chronic pain.
As with red light therapy, near infrared light therapy does not mask the symptoms of pain, it encourages the healing of the actual cause of the pain. Once absorbed, the light energy kicks off a whole series of metabolic events, stimulating the body`s natural processes on a cellular level. There is an increase in blood flow, allowing the parts of the body to receive the oxygen and nutrients they need in order to function more effectively. Regeneration is stimulated. Inflammation and pain are reduced.
First recognize the pathogen
Mr. Ren Miao, a technician from the vegetable technology promotion station in Suiyang County, said that to avoid misunderstandings, the pathogen should be clearly identified first. Gray leaf spot disease and low temperature freezing injury occur in rainy, low temperature, and weak light conditions, and mainly damage the leaves. The symptoms are very similar at the early stage of disease. The leaves are covered with round or irregular spots and expand along the veins. The disease is that the leaf spot of gray leaf spot is distributed over the entire leaf, the color is light brown, the lesion on the back of the leaf is slightly depressed, and the color is darker than the front face of the leaf. When it is serious, it is easy to perforate. The low-temperature freezing lesions spread along the leaf margin to the leaf axis, and the leaf surface color began to yellow, followed by the formation of gray-brown lesions, the back of the leaf was normal, and no perforation occurred. In severe cases, the leaf margin was reeled and the back of leaves was white.
Symptomatic prevention
When talking about prevention and control measures, technician Zhang Ting said that the prevention and control of agricultural control and chemical control. Agricultural control mainly includes the following three methods: (1) Selection of disease-resistant varieties. Fragments in time to ensure ventilation in the field. For the diseased plants, remove the diseased body in time and pull the harvested stubs to the field for burning or deep burial. Increase organic fertilizer and phosphorus and potassium fertilizers to enhance plant disease resistance. (2) timely humidity control temperature. With variable temperature management, effective moisture removal. Choose between 12:00 and 2:00 on sunny days, when the greenhouse temperature gradually rises. First, when the temperature of the greenhouse rises to 33°C, the air is released again. When the temperature in the greenhouse falls to 25°C, the temperature of the air outlet is closed, and the effect of humidity control and temperature control is achieved by reciprocating 3-5 times. In the afternoon, the temperature in the greenhouse should be kept at 25-30°C. When the temperature in the greenhouse drops to 18°C, the vents should be closed to reduce the nighttime temperature drop, and the nighttime greenhouse temperature should be maintained at about 15°C. Rainy days should be promptly opened vent ventilation. (3) Proper close planting. Using wide-row and close-growing cultivation techniques, the north and south sides are double-ridged, with a ridge height of 15 cm, a small row spacing of 60 cm and a large row spacing of 120 cm. The spacing of the rows varies according to the specific conditions and the morphological characteristics of the variety. At the same time, basal fertilizer mainly composed of decomposed farmyard manure was applied, and phosphorus and potash fertilizers were added to prevent partial application of nitrogen fertilizer. The plants were too dense and long and affected the ventilation and light transmission, and reduced the resistance.
When talking about the control of pesticides, Ren Miao said that in the early stage of disease, tomato gray leaf spot can use 300 million CFU/KH, 300 times water spray, spray once every 7-10 days, and shorten the medication when the disease is severe. Intervals can also be combined with silicones to increase adhesion and the effect is more pronounced. In the middle and later stages of disease, choose 40% pyrimethanil suspension, 40% procymidone WP, 25% azoxystrobin suspension, carbendazim + foliar fertilizer, and 15 kg of water, every 5 - 7 days spray 1, severe illness can be shortened to 4-5 days spray 1, spray 2-3 times. When spraying the above medicine, pay attention to the front and back of the blade. The interval between medications may vary depending on the weather, and it may occur on rainy days. Select as many aerosols or dusts as possible. The aerosol agent can be used as a 45% shed cleaning agent, 200-250 grams per acre, ignited in darkness in the evening, and closed in the shed after application.
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The energy can flow through the body and interact with damaged cells in many parts of the body operating more like a vitamin that goes where it needs to go. This wavelength is also best for treating the lymph system and acupuncture points. Whereas studies show near-infrared wavelengths in the 850 nm penetrate deeper through skin and bone for relief of chronic pain.
As with red light therapy, near infrared light therapy does not mask the symptoms of pain, it encourages the healing of the actual cause of the pain. Once absorbed, the light energy kicks off a whole series of metabolic events, stimulating the body`s natural processes on a cellular level. There is an increase in blood flow, allowing the parts of the body to receive the oxygen and nutrients they need in order to function more effectively. Regeneration is stimulated. Inflammation and pain are reduced.
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