Prepare before broadcast
1. Seed selection and treatment
The varieties of purple sweet potato with high yield, adaptability and disease resistance should be selected, such as Guang Zi No. 1, Ji Shu No. 18, and Vietnam Purple Sweet Potato. Need 40 to 50 kilograms of potatoes per acre. In order to prevent the disease of seed potatoes, it can be soaked with warm water of 51-54°C for 10 minutes or soaked with 40% carbendazim 500 times for 15 minutes.
2. Electric heat preservation seedlings
Purple sweet potato germination is difficult under low temperature conditions, the use of electric heating wire nursery. In the greenhouse, laying a good electric heating line, build a seedbed width of 1 ~ 1.2 meters, the middle flat, slightly higher on both sides of 10 cm, electric heating shop a layer of straw. Using electric heating to raise seedlings, the sowing date can be advanced to the end of January or early February. 25-30 kg of seed potatoes are planted on the seedbeds per square meter. The seed potatoes are covered with 1 layer of straw, and then they are energized and heated. The temperature is controlled at 25-30°C. . About half a month, the seed potatoes began to germinate and emerge, and gradually remove the straw on the seed potatoes; after 1 month, the seed potato seedlings basically came out, the temperature gradually increased, but no longer heating, the seed potatoes were transferred to the greenhouse cold bed nursery , Sparse planting area is more than 10 times the original area, after planting pressure soil. Seedling watering in a timely manner, uncovering the agricultural film, when the temperature stabilizes at 10°C in early April, the agricultural film can be peeled off to cultivate strong seedlings.
3. Soil fertigation
Purple sweet potato is a root crop, and the plot should be deep-turned 30 centimeters. It requires the soil to be thick and well ventilated. Purple sweet potato production is high, requiring large amounts of fertilizer, should be enough base fertilizer, per acre applicator or planting when poured into the decomposed organic fertilizer 1500 ~ 2000 kg.
Seeding and transplanting
Early planting can not only increase production, but also improve quality. In late April in early April, when the temperature is stable above 15°C and the ground temperature reaches 17 to 18°C ​​(without late frost), it is the planting period. Deep processing of purple sweet potatoes, can be used straight-line method, the potato seedlings as far as possible vertically inserted into the soil in a leaf section, a depth of about 10 cm, so that planting of large pieces of potato, easy processing; fresh edible, can be obliquely inserted Flat planting, buried 2 to 3 leaf segments, so planted at the leaf node can end up with 5 to 6 uniform purple sweet potatoes to meet market demand. The ridge width is 60 to 70 centimeters, each ridge is planted in a row, the row spacing is 20 centimeters, 4000 plants per acre are planted, and about 4500 plants per acre are planted in hills, dry lands, and thin lands.
Field management
1. Transfiguration
Lifting the vines is to gently lift the yam from the ground. Do not disturb the direction after the adventitious roots are cut off or return to the original place. The vines are lifted and turned over to the other side to remove the adventitious roots of the vines. . The advantage of vines is that the stems and leaves remain in the upward direction, and the vines may face the leaves face down, which is not conducive to photosynthesis, but it is convenient for the management of weeding or earthing. In general from June to July, the vines or vines are raised 1 or 2 times.
2. Control the vine
Purple potato vines and leaves grow vigorously, especially in the rainy season, when stalks and leaves grow too profusely, paclobutrazol can be sprayed 2 or 3 times to control the growth of stems and leaves, so that the nutrition is concentrated in the yam, promote the expansion of roots and increase the yield.
Pest Control
1. Insect pests
Purple sweet potato seedlings are vulnerable to ground pests such as ground tigers, earthworms and cockroaches. Phoxim SPs can be used to control poisonous baits. During the growth period, insect pests mainly include Spodoptera litura, red larvae, leaf curl insects and aphids, which can be controlled by dichlorvos and deltamethrin.
2. Diseases
The diseases of purple sweet potato mainly include black spot and root rot, which can be controlled by mancozeb and thiophanate-methyl, and can also be controlled through reasonable rotation, selection of disease-resistant varieties and disease-free seedlings, and strengthening field management.
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