With the rapid development of China's agricultural and livestock production, the amount of organic waste generated is increasing at an annual rate of 1.03%, and the nitrogen in the total waste of organic waste is 24.226 million tons. This large amount is contained in organic fertilizer. The nutrient resources in China are valuable, but the spatial distribution of organic waste is extremely uneven, mainly distributed in areas where crop cultivation and aquaculture are developed in China.
According to the ratio of nutrient returning to organic fertilizer, the return rate of phosphorus is the highest, reaching 78%, followed by potassium, which is 61%, and the return rate of nitrogen is the smallest, only 40%. The organic fertilizer industry has accelerated in recent years with the support and promotion of the government. These commercial organic fertilizers are mainly used in the production fields of economic crops, while the production fields of food crops rarely use organic fertilizer.
According to the investigation, the amount of organic fertilizers for vegetables and fruit trees from the north to the south is 2-5 tons per mu. In recent years, the promotion and application of granular organic fertilizers and chemical fertilizers combined with soil fertilizers in northern wheat and peanut field crops are gradually increasing. Rise.
The advantage of organic fertilizer is that it contains a variety of nutrients, complete fertilizers with various macronutrients and micronutrients, and contains active substances such as vitamins. The most prominent feature is that it can increase and supplement soil organic matter. The organic matter in the soil can significantly improve the physical and chemical properties of the soil, make the soil ploughing better, enhance the water seepage capacity, improve the soil water storage, fertilizer retention, fertilizer supply and drought and flood control capacity, and increase the yield obviously, which is not replaceable by chemical fertilizer.
In addition, organic fertilizer can provide nutrients needed for crops, protect crop roots and stems; enhance crop disease resistance, drought resistance, and sorghum resistance; increase crop yield; improve food safety and greenness.
Since the advantages of organic fertilizer are so much, do you not need fertilizer? The answer is no. The fertilizer has a quick effect, and it is still very important for the agricultural production to continue to stabilize production and increase production. We must follow the principle of fertilization based on “organic fertilizer and supplemented by chemical fertilizersâ€. Only “organic and inorganic†can achieve long-term stability of agriculture.
According to the survey, the actual utilization rate of chemical fertilizers is only 30%-45%. When the organic fertilizer is applied, the beneficial soil activity improves the soil structure, increases the soil water retention and fertilizer retention capacity, thereby reducing the loss of nutrients and increasing the effective utilization rate of fertilizers to more than 50%.
Can organic fertilizer and chemical fertilizer reduce the amount of chemical fertilizer? The answer is yes! From the internationally successful experience, like the United Kingdom, France, Japan, they have reduced the use of pesticides and fertilizers since the 1970s and 1980s, although now The use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides has been greatly reduced, but the production of cereals has increased.
At the same time, some experiments on the main crops of corn, wheat and rice in some main producing areas have also shown that the comprehensive management of soil crop systems can be carried out, with organic and inorganic application techniques, without increasing and reducing the amount of fertilizer. It can improve fertilizer efficiency and can reach international advanced level. Therefore, by optimizing fertilization, through the use of a comprehensive system, weight loss can be achieved.
Zhang Taolin, deputy director of the Ministry of Agriculture, pointed out that if organic fertilizer is used to replace part of the fertilizer, or if the fertilizer is reduced, the organic fertilizer will go up, and the organic and inorganic fertilizers will be used together, whether it is to fertilize the soil and protect the agricultural environment, or to stably increase the yield and the quality of the agricultural products. , are a very important way.
In short, the combination of organic fertilizer and chemical fertilizer is a scientific strategy for agricultural fertilization at present, and is the direction and trend of current and future fertilization!
This article URL: Organic fertilizer and conventional fertilizers work better together
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