Manure is rich in organic matter and various nutrients needed for crops, which has a good effect on increasing crop yield and improving soil fertility. It has been widely used in agricultural production. In ancient times, it was said that “manure is more than fertilizer, and fertilizer is more than Tianwo and Tianwo is moreâ€. In recent years, with the increase in the irrational application of manure, various problems have followed.
The main components of various types of livestock manure
Livestock and poultry manure components are mainly cellulose, hemicellulose, lignin, protein and its decomposition components, fats, organic acids, enzymes and various inorganic salts.
Pig manure
Pig manure contains 15% organic matter, 0.5% nitrogen, 0.5% to 0.6% phosphorus, and 0.35% to 0.45% potassium. Pig manure is fine in texture and complex in composition, containing protein, fats, organic acids, cellulose, hemicellulose and inorganic salts. Due to more nitrogen, the proportion of carbon and nitrogen is relatively small, about 14:1. It is generally easy to be decomposed by microorganisms and releases nutrients that can be used for crop absorption and utilization.
Pig manure contains the highest humus quality, the largest yang displacement, the strongest fertility, but more water content, less cellulolytic bacteria, mixed with a small amount of horse dung applied to inoculate cellulose degradation bacteria, can greatly increase fertilizer efficiency.
Cow dung
Cow dung contains 14.5% organic matter, 0.30 to 0.45% nitrogen, 0.15 to 0.25% phosphorus, and 0.10 to 0.15% potassium. Organic matter and nutrient content are lower in various livestock species, fine texture, more water content, slower decomposition, and lower calorific value, which is a delayed fertilizer.
Due to the high water content and poor ventilation in cow dung, the organic matter is hard to be decomposed and is a cold fertilizer. Drying the fresh ingredients and adding horse dung to the mixture can produce loose high-quality organic fertilizer.
Horse dung
Horse manure contains 21% organic matter, 0.4-0.5% nitrogen, 0.2-0.3% phosphorus, and 0.35-0.45% potassium. Horse manure contains more cellulose and hemicellulose, and also contains lignin, proteins, fats, organic acids, and various inorganic salts.
Horse dung is easy to evaporate in water, and contains more fiber-decomposing bacteria. It is a hot fertilizer. Application of horse dung can improve the properties of clay.
Sheep dung
Sheep droppings contain 24-27% organic matter, 0.7-0.8% nitrogen, 0.45-0.6% phosphorus, and 0.4-0.5% potassium. Sheep droppings contain more organic matter than other animal manures, and the feces are finer and the fertilizer is thicker.
Heat of sheep feces is between horse dung and cow dung. It is also a thermal fertilizer. It is also called warm fertilizer. It is applied to sandy soil and clay soil with good results.
Poultry manure
The poultry manure contained 25.5% of organic matter, 1.63% of nitrogen, 1.54 % of phosphorus, 0.85% of potassium, 11% of carbohydrates, and 7% of fiber. The water content of fresh poultry manure was relatively high.
The nitrogen in poultry manure (chicken manure, duck manure, goose manure, pigeon manure, etc.) is mainly uric acid. Uric acid cannot be directly absorbed and utilized by crops, and it is harmful to crop root growth. At the same time, fresh poultry manure is easy to attract underground pests.
The advantages and hidden dangers of manure
Strengths
The nutrients contained are relatively comprehensive, and the fertilizer effect is stable and lasting. It not only contains various macro and micro nutrients, but also contains some substances that can stimulate root growth and various beneficial soil microorganisms.
Improve the soil structure is rich in humic acid, can promote the formation of soil aggregate structure, the soil becomes soft, improve soil moisture and air conditions, conducive to root growth; increase soil conservation of fertilizer and water retention performance; improve ground temperature and promote beneficial microorganisms in the soil Activities and breeding.
Adjust the soil temperature manure heat, temperature and cool points, with the effect of regulating soil temperature.
Hidden trouble
â— Uncommustible manure, especially poultry manure, contains heavy salt, which can easily salinize the soil and increase soil salt concentration. In severe cases, the seeds will not germinate, burn seedlings, and burn roots. It also produces harmful gases that poison plants.
â— There are more pathogens, eggs, and weed seeds in the livestock manure. Without high-temperature fermentation, it is easy to bring about adverse effects on plants, and it is also easy to lead pests and diseases.
â— Due to the source problems, some manure may exceed the standard for trace elements, even containing heavy metals, antibiotics, etc., will poison plants and affect the safety of agricultural products.
â— Manure has a lot of impurities and has a great deviation in purity. The content of manure is extremely unstable, and nutrient content and effects cannot be guaranteed when applied in a single application.
How do you use manure?
1 The use of manure must be thoroughly cooked
After decomposition of manure, rapid decomposition is conducive to plant absorption. At the same time, in the high-temperature anaerobic environment at 60-70°C, most harmful insect eggs and weed seeds will die.
There are currently three common methods for decomposing manure:
The first is the combination of high-temperature stuffy shed for manure maturity. The long period of leisure in the greenhouse can be combined with high-temperature stuffy sheds to decompose the manure. The process of decomposed fermentation is also the process of improving the soil. During fermentation, microorganisms in the soil are very active and can promote the formation of soil aggregates.
The second is stuffy stuffy outside the shed. There is enough time for natural heaping and fermentation, and for a short period of time it is possible to use biological decay agents when the heap is decomposed.
The third is the rapid fermentation using fungicides. Commonly used ETS bacteria, etc., can shorten the fermentation time.
2 Select different manure according to different soil quality
Some greenhouses have large soil and sand leakage, and the leakage of fertilizers is serious. Therefore, pure manure or pure pig manure should be selected for the manure. This manure has high purity and high nutrient content because the manure is more viscous and leaky. Sand land has a good improvement effect.
Cohesive soils should be applied with manure with high organic matter content and low mineral element content, such as sheep manure and cow dung, or chicken manure and pig manure containing sand, rice husks, straw, etc., which can improve the physical properties of sticky soil and improve Its permeability to water permeability. This kind of manure is also very suitable for improving the soil in the soil where the soil is heavily salted and hardened.
3Deeply turn over after using manure
A large amount of manure is concentrated in the soil of 10 to 15 cm on the surface. Although it is mixed with the soil, the manure is still relatively concentrated. Even if the amount of manure has been degraded, if the amount is so large and the depth of plowing is shallow, Affects root growth. Therefore, after the application of manure, deep plowing should be carried out. Generally, the depth of plowing should exceed 30 cm.
4 note with the use of
Although the manure contained in the manure is comprehensive, the total amount cannot reach the absorption and utilization of the crop. Therefore, the manure combined with the chemical fertilizer can reduce the influence of the chemical fertilizer residue on the soil, and ensure that the nutrient in the chemical fertilizer can be timely absorbed by the crop. use.
The use of manure in combination with biological bacterial fertilizer can accelerate the decomposition of manure and accelerate the rate of soil improvement. Manure material can promote the proliferation of biological bacteria, and consolidate the protection and growth-promoting effect of beneficial bacteria on the root system.
Manure has a certain effect on soil improvement, but the effect is relatively slow, so the sea elves are better equipped with a variety of biological stimulants such as humic acid, seaweed extract and other biological stimulants. In addition, the sea elves can stimulate the wildness of plants and promote plant genetics. Excellent expression.
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