At present, red fertilization is widely used in greenhouse cultivation and open field vegetables. Because the fertility of flushing and fertilizing is fast, it usually takes two or three days after being flushed, and it may be effective when it is slow for three or five days, which is reflected in the obvious changes in leaf color and plant height, which is in line with the enthusiasm of some eager growers. Fertilization, as the name implies, is the application method of water-fertilizer. Generally, it is used as a top-dressing supplement to provide nutrients during the period of rapid crop growth. Since it is supplemental fertilization, it cannot replace basic fertilization methods such as basal fertilization. Fertilizer can be used as a water-soluble fertilizer because it is easy to apply fertilizer. Many farmers are accustomed to using granular solid compound fertilizers such as urea, potassium chloride, etc. in the bucket and even sprinkle it directly on the head of the canal. When the water reaches the root of the crop, it is unclear whether the fertilizer granules are dissolved. Some people even smash and crush the granular high-concentration compound fertilizer, and some people use uncured insoluble solid organic fertilizers or microbial preparations as fertilizers, which are not appropriate.
Only water-soluble fertilizers can be applied with nitrogen fertilizer, commonly used urea, ammonia, ammonium sulfate and ammonium nitrate flushing; potash, potassium chloride and potassium sulfate can be applied flushing, potassium nitrate can also be used. In phosphate fertilizers, even if it is water-soluble phosphorus monoammonium phosphate and diammonium phosphate, do not flush, because the phosphate fertilizer after the dissolution of poor mobility, easily fixed, can not be infiltrated into the root layer with water. Phosphate fertilizer is best applied by layering it into the soil, only in order to improve its utilization. The use of nitrogen fertilizers to reduce the number of times without cost, blindly pursuing large amounts of nitrogen fertilizer will not only cause waste of nutrients, but will also lead to leggy and declining quality of vegetables. At the same time, it will also pollute the water quality and exacerbate soil salinization. In the cultivation of vegetables, the amount of pure nitrogen used for each fertilization should be controlled in the unit area of ​​2 low-volume spraying methods. When the application amount is not changed, the pesticide solution is diluted with water and sprayed. The amount of added water is equivalent to 1/5 to 1/10 of the conventional spray technology. The specific method is to replace the large-aperture jet of a conventional spray tool with a small-aperture jet with an aperture of 0.3 mm. This will reduce the loss of pesticides, save a lot of water and improve control effectiveness.
The electrostatic spraying method installs a high-voltage static electricity generating device on the spraying equipment, which greatly increases the amount of liquid droplets sprayed on the surface of the crop leaves, and the effective utilization rate of the pesticide can reach 90% to 95%.
The capsule application method is more suitable for paddy fields. It is only necessary to spread the processed pills evenly in the field, which can improve the work efficiency by more than ten times compared to the conventional application method, and there is no pesticide drift phenomenon.
The recirculation spray method is equipped with a drug reflow device on the opposite side of the conventional spray member. The liquid that has not been deposited on the target plant is collected and then pumped back into the medicine box so that the pesticide can be recycled and the effective utilization rate can be greatly improved.
The drug roller smearing method is mainly applied to control systemic herbicides. The medicinal liquid seeps out from the surface of the medicine roller through an overflow cylinder made of a foam material that can absorb the liquid medicine, and the medicine roller only needs to contact the leaves on the upper part of the weeds to be effective. Almost all drugs can be applied to the surface of the target plant without spillage or dripping.
Sprinkler irrigation and micro-irrigation automatic control equipment With the development of economy, water resources, energy shortage and labor cost increase, more and more water-saving irrigation systems will adopt automatic control. This article focuses on the advantages and classification of automated irrigation.
The advantages are as follows:
(1) It is possible to truly control the amount of irrigation, irrigation time and irrigation cycle in a timely and appropriate manner, thereby increasing crop yield and significantly improving water utilization.
(2) Saving labor and operating expenses.
(3) The work plan can be arranged conveniently and flexibly, and the management personnel do not have to go to the field at night or other inconvenient time.
(4) Since it can increase the effective working time every day, the initial capital investment in pipelines, pumping stations, etc. can be reduced accordingly.
classification:
First, fully automated irrigation system
The fully automated irrigation system does not require direct human involvement. The pre-programmed control procedures and certain parameters that reflect the water requirements of the crop can automatically open and close the pump for a long time and automatically irrigate in a certain order. The role of the person is simply to adjust the control program and overhaul the control equipment. In this system, in addition to emitters (heads, drip heads, etc.), pipes, fittings, pumps, and motors, it also includes central controllers, automatic valves, sensors (soil moisture sensors, temperature sensors, pressure sensors, water level sensors, and rain sensors). Etc.) and wires.
Second, semi-automatic irrigation system
In the semi-automated irrigation system, no sensors are installed in the field. The irrigation time, irrigation volume and irrigation period are controlled according to pre-programmed procedures, rather than feedback based on crop and soil moisture and meteorological conditions. The degree of automation of such systems is very different. For example, some pump stations implement automatic control, and some pump stations use manual control. Some central controllers are only one timer with simple programming function, and some systems have no central control. The controller, but only some of the sequential switching valves or volume valves are installed on each branch pipe.
Automated irrigation is the trend of the times. In the future water-saving irrigation projects, more and more automated irrigation systems will be applied.
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