Prostate cancer is a malignant tumor that occurs in the prostate tissue of the male genitourinary system and is the result of abnormal disordered growth of prostate acinar cells. The incidence of prostate cancer has significant geographic and ethnic differences. In developed countries and regions such as Europe and the United States, the incidence rate ranks first among male malignant tumors, and its mortality rate ranks second among various cancers; in Asia, its incidence rate is lower than that of western countries, but it has shown a rapid upward trend in recent years. In China, the vast majority of patients have been in the advanced stage of prostate cancer at the time of treatment, and the 5-year survival rate is less than 1/3 of that in the United States.
More than 95% of prostate cancers are adenocarcinomas that occur in the glandular tissue of the prostate. In the diagnosis of prostate cancer, serum prostate specific antigen (PSA) is elevated in most clinically significant prostate cancers, and is therefore the most widely used and most important indicator of early detection of prostate cancer. The normal value of PSA is generally <4ng/mL, and PSA>10ng/mL when prostate cancer occurs, which has significant significance in assisting clinical diagnosis. At present, research on prostate cancer based on molecular level, exploring the mechanism of occurrence, metastasis and drug resistance of prostate cancer to adapt to more clinical personalized diagnosis and treatment needs is a hot topic of current research.
Zi Yan: "If you want to do something good, you must first sharpen your tools." To do a good job in prostate cancer research, disease models and genetic manipulation tools are indispensable. And listen to it slowly.
1. Which cell model do I need? Is it easy to operate?
As the saying goes, if the experiment is to be done well, the cells are essential. Three advantages of the cell model: short cycle, clean background, easy to produce results. To quote Ji Bo, the first step in clinical research is to find a suitable cell model.
Attention! Eat melons and people, first put the melons. Prostate cancer, a tumor of the male genitourinary system, is closely related to androgens. Different cancer cells have different AR (androgen receptor) expression levels, androgen-dependent and androgen responses. In research, genes and androgen-related explorations are often involved, so the choice of cell lines is particularly important. Listed below are common cell lines of prostate cancer, as well as their androgen-related properties.
*More comprehensive pre-experiment information, please consult the local salesman
Second, the cell experiment works well, how does the animal experiment do?
After the cell experiment is done, I want to send a high score article? No confirmation of the in vivo experimental data! Animal models of prostate cancer can be divided into subcutaneous tumor formation and in situ tumor formation. The model of subcutaneous tumor is similar to other tumors, but if you want to do an in situ tumor study, you need to pay attention to the following points: a. Be sure to buy a male mouse (don't ask me why) b. The prostate tissue is small, for ease of operation, The quality of nude mice is required (age 6-8 weeks, body weight is above 19g). Other details are summarized below.
For teachers who want to do in situ unclear experimental details, please refer to the protocol in reference [7]. (with a video link to the surgery, I don’t tell him the average person)
Third, the in vitro and in vivo models have been selected, then what kind of lentiviral vector does my experiment need to use to manipulate the gene?
Q: How do you take a few steps to get the gene function done?
A: Three steps! Model selection - genetic manipulation - look at the phenotype.
Therefore, after selecting the model, the following genetic manipulation vector needs to be selected. Promoters, fluorescent markers, and resistance tags are the three major factors we need to consider. The specific choices need to be changed according to the needs of the experiment. For prostate cancer research, Prostate-specific antigen (PSA) is a more commonly used tissue-specific promoter. In accordance with the practice, sacrifice a map of God, and immediately customize your exclusive carrier for phenotypic observation. Get high scores SCI, National Natural Science Fund, and embark on the peak of life, just around the corner!
Shanghai Jikai Gene Chemical Technology Co., Ltd. was established in 2002 and has a BSL-2 level lentivirus packaging laboratory. The virus production line has passed the ISO9001 quality management system verification, and the monthly average custom genetic virus product packaging has exceeded 1000 times. Lentiviral production uses six QC assays, viral purity fractionation and absolute quantitative detection of viral titers to ensure virus quality.
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PS: Friends who want to know more about the Tumor Tools Guide can pay attention to the "Jikai Gene" WeChat public number, and more exciting articles waiting for you.
references
[1] Adrie van Bokhoven et al. "Molecular Characterization of Human Prostate Carcinoma Cell Lines." The Prostate 57 (2003): 205-225.
[2] Xuefeng Li et al. "TOP2Ahigh is the phenotype of recurrence and metastasis whereas TOP2Aneg cells represent cancer stem cells in prostate cancer." Oncotarget 5 (2014): 9498–9513.
[3] Bo Yang et al. "Lentivirus-mediated SMO RNA interference inhibits SMO expression and cell proliferation, and affects the cell cycle in LNCaP and PC3 cancer cell lines." Asian Journal of Andrology 12 (2010): 196–202.
[4] Tong Liu et al. "p21-activated Kinase 6 (PAK6) Inhibits Prostate Cancer Growth via Phosphorylation of Androgen Receptor and Tumorigenic E3 Ligase Murine Double Minute-2 (Mdm2)." The Journal of Biological Chemistry 288.5 (2013): 3359-5569.
[5] Aihong Mao et al. "MicroRNA-449a enhances radiosensitivity by downregulation of c-Myc in prostate cancer cells." Scintific Reports 6 (2016): 27346.
[6] Alexandra Hockla et al. “PRSS3/Mesotrypsin Is a Therapeutic Target for Metastatic Prostate Cancer.†Molecular Cancer Research 10.12 (2012): 1555.
[7] Janet Pavese et al. “An Orthotopic Murine Model of Human Prostate Cancer Metastasis†Journal of Visualized Experiments 79, (2013), e50873
In the previous issues, I have shared a summary of the in vitro and in vivo models and tools of several large cancer species. If you want to see it again, please post the following:
1. Review of in vitro and in vivo models of lung cancer research
2. Review of in vitro and in vivo models of colorectal cancer research
3. Overview of in vivo and in vitro models of gastric cancer research
4. Summary of in vitro and in vivo models of liver cancer
5. Summary of in vitro and in vivo models of pancreatic cancer research
6. Overview of internal and external models of hematological tumor research
7. Breast cancer in vitro and in vivo model summary
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