Release date: 2016-03-30
Regenerative medicine refers to the use of biological and engineering theoretical methods to create tissues and organs that are lost or functionally damaged, and that have the mechanisms and functions of normal tissues and organs.
In a broad sense, regenerative medicine originally refers to the theory, technology, and surgical operations of tissue regeneration in vivo. It can also be understood as an effective biological treatment method by studying the normal tissue characteristics and functions of the body, the mechanism of wound repair and regeneration, and the mechanism of stem cell differentiation. To promote the body's self-repair and regeneration, or to construct new tissues and organs to maintain, repair, regenerate or improve damaged tissue and organ function. In the narrow sense, it is the application of the principles and methods of life sciences, materials science and other disciplines, research and development of new disciplines and cutting-edge cross-cutting fields for the theory and technology of replacing, repairing, reconstructing or regenerating various tissues and organs of the human body.
In recent years, research in the field of regenerative medicine has developed rapidly. Recently, in a research paper published in the journal Nature Medicine, researchers from the University of California and other institutions successfully induced stem cell-derived neurons to regenerate rat cortical spinal cord bundles. Lost tissue, thus producing a certain functional benefit to the missing tissue of the rat body. Of course, there are still a lot of heavyweight research in the field of regenerative medicine.
[1] Progress in the treatment of senile retinal degenerative diseases with regenerative medicine
Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is more common in people over the age of 50 and is one of the leading blinding diseases in the world. According to 2010 statistics, there are more than 23 million AMD patients worldwide.
Age-related macular degeneration can be divided into two types: dry (Dry AMD) and wet (Wet AMD). Dryness is characterized by no vascular proliferation, while wetness is characterized by obvious vascular proliferation in the fundus macular area. There is almost no treatment for dry age-related macular degeneration, and wet age-related macular degeneration is mainly for the treatment of vascular hyperplasia. For angiogenesis, Genentech's Ranibizumab (trade name: Lucentis) is a fragment antibody against VEGFA, which is a 2,000-dollar injection. However, many places bypass Ranibizumab and use Avastin, which is also anti-VEGF. Just fifty dollars at a time. It can be seen that there are countermeasures under the policy, which are common to both Chinese and foreign people, but the interests are tending. In addition, laser therapy is also directed to vascular proliferation. Although there is a symptomatic treatment for vascular hyperplasia, it is also a temporary solution because the macular degeneration itself does not improve.
[2] New advances in regenerative medicine Human anti-cancer genes inhibit zebrafish tissue regeneration
Regenerative medicine may help doctors to repair congenital malformations one day in the future, helping patients to re-injured their injured fingers or even repair their heart. But to achieve this, you must consider how to break the body's own anti-cancer protection system. Recently, researchers from the US UCSF have discovered that a human gene may be an important part of this protective system, both to prevent cancer development and to block the regeneration of healthy tissue.
In the latest study published in the international academic journal eLife, Pomerantz and his team found new evidence that mammals may have given up their ability to regenerate their limbs in exchange for some important anti-cancer gene expression.
For biologists, the regenerative potential of zebrafish and ticks can represent the ancient ability that mammals have lost. Whether mammals exchange this ability for some important anti-cancer gene expression remains a very open question. Most tumor suppressor genes play an important role in anticancer processes and tissue formation during development. These genes are widely distributed and highly conserved in many species. However, recent studies have shown that the Arf gene appears in birds and mammals and is not common in the genomes of some animals with high regenerative potential.
[3] Cell Stem Cell: Stem cells for regenerative medicine may be safe
Researchers at the University of Cambridge have found the strongest evidence to date that human pluripotent stem cells will develop normally after being transplanted into the embryo. These findings, published in the December 17th issue of the journal Cell Stem Cell, are important for regenerative medicine.
There are two main sources of human pluripotent stem cells for regenerative medicine or biomedical research: embryonic stem cells and induced pluripotent stem cells. Human pluripotent stem cells are seen as promising to be used in regenerative medicine for the treatment of devastating diseases affecting various organs and tissues, especially those with poor reproductive capacity, such as the heart, brain and pancreas.
However, some scientists have been concerned that these cells may not be properly integrated into the body and therefore cannot proliferate and distribute as required, leading to tumors. The latest study shows that this does not happen and that these stem cells may be safe for regenerative medicine when properly transplanted.
[4] Tissue Repair and Regenerative Medicine: Rebuilding Human Health
With the advancement of regenerative medicine research, tissue repair and regenerative medicine will demonstrate the epoch-making medical standards of bio-technical restoration projects at different levels of molecules, cells, tissues and organs on the basis of continuous improvement of traditional therapeutic techniques, benefiting countless needs. patient.
Han Zhongchao: Fellow of the French Academy of Technical Sciences, Fellow of the French Academy of Medical Sciences, Director of the China National Stem Cell Engineering Technology Research Center
Today, human health issues are getting more and more attention. On the one hand, human life is prolonging; on the other hand, because of various accidental factors, human beings are more likely to get sick and injured, and human tissues such as skin, organs and bones are easily injured.
For this reason, medical research on tissue repair and regeneration is currently a hot topic in the life sciences at home and abroad. At the same time, foreign countries have not systematically and comprehensively combed and counted the emerging disciplines of tissue repair and regeneration. At present, with the establishment of the Chinese Medical Association Organizational Repair and Regeneration Branch, China's tissue repair and regenerative medicine has ushered in a new development opportunity.
[5] Nat Med: The future of regenerative medicine
If regenerative medicine is to become a reality, research must now focus on the environment needed for stem cell growth and transformation. In a review published in the journal Nature Medicine, lead author Nadia Rosenthal of the Australian Institute of Regenerative Medicine (ARMI) and Professor Stuart Forbes of the MRC Center for Regenerative Medicine at the University of Edinburgh, like regenerative medicine, are seeding seeds that need to be in healthy soil. In order, stem cells can play a therapeutic role. The damaged tissue is the soil. First, the tissue must be ready for stem cell seeds.
Professor Rosenthal said: The current research focuses on the body's immune response to tissue damage. Although the disturbed immune response can lead to harmful inflammation and scar formation, the immune system also controls inflammation, affects stem cells, and stimulates the matrix microenvironment to prepare the soil. .
We see distinct immune signatures in highly regenerative animals such as fish and ticks, as well as injured tissues from mammalian embryos. A balance of immune responses is necessary to allow regenerative therapies to meet the potential of re-existing tissues or cells in adult tissues.
[6]Nano Lett: a new "nano-patch" or promote stem cell proliferation and differentiation to help regenerative medicine research
Recently, researchers from the University of London's Queen Mary University of London found that the behavior of stem cells can be specifically modified by controlling the properties of stem cell growth materials, which is the development of new regenerative medicine and organization. Engineering technology has provided some hope, and relevant research results are published in the international magazine Nano Letters.
Stem cells are very special because they are necessary for the normal functioning of our organs and tissues. Previous studies have revealed that stem cells can grow and proliferate on a hard surface, but they cannot differentiate. Stem cells can form different functions in the body. Tissue cells; in contrast, stem cells can be proliferated and differentiated on a soft surface.
In this study, researchers used a small patch called "nano-patch" to change the surface on which stem cells adhered, mimicking the properties of soft materials to form a surface that favors stem cell differentiation. Researcher Julien Gautrot said that by changing the surface of stem cell growth at the nanoscale, we can achieve changes in stem cell formation.
[7] Cell: Challenge 120 years of regenerative medicine dogma
It is generally believed that myocardial cells in mammals cease to proliferate shortly after birth, limiting the ability of the heart to repair itself after injury.
Now, researchers from institutions such as Emory University School of Medicine report in the Cell magazine that cardiomyocytes in pre-pubertal mice experience a brief burst of proliferation, an increase of 40%. The heart is able to meet the cycling needs of the fast growing organism. These findings suggest that thyroid hormone therapy can stimulate this process and improve heart regeneration in patients with heart disease.
Ahsan Husain, a senior author of the paper and Emory University School of Medicine, said: "We have not only challenged 120 years of old dogma, but also confirmed that cardiomyocytes can proliferate in the early prepuberty. We have also identified some endocrines that can promote this process. And local growth factors. In the future, there is no need to provide stem cells to the heart, and it is possible to achieve cardiac regeneration in children by directly activating cardiomyocyte proliferation."
[8] PNAS: New Stem Cell Microenvironment Accelerating Stem Cell Regeneration Medical Therapy
Recently, researchers from the University of Nottingham have developed a new substance that can simplify the operation of stem cell therapies in the field of regenerative medicine. The research is published in the international journal PNAS.
Because stem cells have the potential to repair human body tissues and maintain organ function in many chronic diseases and age-related diseases, cell therapy has become a very rapid and effective treatment for human ailments in recent years. . But there is a big problem when translating current successful research into actual products and therapies, how to make special complex active substances mass-produced?
[9] TEPCM: not all stem cells have the same utility in the field of regenerative medicine
Recently, researchers from the University of Granada and the University of Alcalá de Henares University found that not all isolated stem cells have the same efficacy in the field of regenerative medicine and tissue engineering. Related research published in the international magazine Tissue Engineering Part C: Methods. In the study, the researchers reported that only a series of special cord blood stem cells (CB-SC) can be used for therapeutic research to achieve their goals.
Today, cord blood stem cells (CB-SC) are important for regenerative medicine and tissue engineering. Umbilical cord blood vessels called umbilical cord-like tissue stem cells (HWJSC) are particularly fascinating to researchers, and researchers can often use these stem cells for regenerative medicine research, depending on the availability of these stem cells and their differentiation into different types of tissues. And regulate the function of the immune effect.
[10] J Cell Sci: The important role of rapamycin target protein in cancer and regenerative medicine
Recently, researchers from the University of California said that it is well known that the ability of flatworms to regenerate cells can provide us with many theoretical basis for how to treat cancer and how regenerative medicine can better target diseases. It is published in the article Journal of Cell Science. The researchers point to a signaling pathway mediated by rapamycin target protein (TOR) found in humans and other mammals that is essential for the unique tissue regeneration of the worm Inactivation of the protein can prevent the regeneration of the planarian, so this gives us a hint that if the protein is destroyed in human cells, it can prevent the proliferation of cancer cells.
Researcher Oviedo said that this will provide us with a model that we can use to manipulate this signaling pathway to learn certain behaviors of stem cells. In addition, researchers have discovered the TOR protein (rapamycin target protein) in cancer, aging. And diseases such as disease progression play an important role, but the specific mechanism of action is not clear. Dr. Oviedo's laboratory is going to use planaria to study and solve related problems. Because the scientific community has long felt that the planarian has not been of high scientific value, but now the planaria, the flatworm, understands the role of stem cells. Importantly, the planarian has the ability to self-organize and repair, but this ability is unprecedented, and this repair can help fight cancer and degenerative diseases. Based on the above theory, the researchers have destroyed the TOR protein in the planarian. And the parasite is partially amputated. Typically, the planarian can self-repair.
Source: Bio Valley
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