Problems in fertilization and principles of fertilization
The planting seasons of cucumbers in facilities are divided into autumn and winter pods, wintering pods and winter pods. The excessive blind fertilization, irrational fertilization rate, excessive irrigation, and organic manure applied in vegetable fields are mainly used for livestock manure. , Resulting in reduced soil biological activity, continuous cropping obstacles, severe degradation of soil quality, decreased nutrient absorption efficiency, and decreased quality of vegetables, etc. The following principles of fertilization are proposed: (1) Increase organic fertilizer, promote the use of high-quality organic compost, and pay attention to old vegetable sheds Application of compost with more straw, less application of poultry manure, implementation of organic-inorganic fertilizers and straw return; (2) Based on soil fertility conditions and application of organic fertilizer, comprehensive consideration of environmental nutrient supply, appropriate adjustment of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium fertilizer Dosage; (3) Adopt reasonable irrigation techniques and follow a few times of fertigation principles; (4) Do not apply fertilizers frequently at the seedling stage after planting; apply nitrogen fertilizer and potash fertilizer in several stages to avoid top-dressing compound fertilizers with high phosphorus content. , Pay attention to dressing in the middle and late period; (5) When the acidification of vegetables is severe, lime soil and other acidic soil conditioners should be applied.
Fertilizer amount and method
(1) Seedling fertilizer: increase organic fertilizer application, supplement phosphate fertilizer, application of decomposed organic fertilizer 60 to 100 kg per 10 square cm seedbed, 0.5 to 1 kg of calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer, 0.5 kg of potassium sulfate, spraying 0.05% according to seedling conditions ~ 0.1% urea solution 1 to 2 times. (2) Basal fertilizer: Apply high-quality organic fertilizer 3 to 4 square meters/mu. (3) Output level 14000-16000 kg/mu: nitrogen fertilizer (N) 45-50 kg/mu, phosphate fertilizer (P2O5) 20-25 kg/mu, potash fertilizer (K2O) 40-45 kg/mu. (4) The output level is 11,000 to 14,000 kg/mu: nitrogen fertilizer (N) 37 to 45 kg/mu, phosphate fertilizer (P2O5) 17 to 20 kg/mu, and potash fertilizer (K2O) 35 to 40 kg/mu. (5) The output level is 7000 to 11000 kg/mu: nitrogen fertilizer (N) 30 to 37 kg/mu, phosphate fertilizer (P2O5) 12 to 16 kg/mu, potassium fertilizer (K2O) 30 to 35 kg/mu. (6) Production levels of 4000 to 7000 kg/mu: nitrogen fertilizer (N) 20 to 28 kg/mu, phosphate fertilizer (P2O5) 8 to 11 kg/mu, potassium fertilizer (K2O) 25 to 30 kg/mu. If drip fertilization is used, it can reduce chemical fertilizer by 20%. If the flood water is flooded, the amount of fertilizer should be increased by 10% to 20% for each fertilization. The cucumbers used in the facilities were all applied with organic fertilizer and phosphate fertilizer as the base fertilizer. The initial flowering period was mainly controlled, and all the nitrogen and potassium fertilizers were regularly divided into 6 to 11 times according to the nutrient requirements during the growth period; the amount of topdressing nitrogen fertilizer did not exceed 5 kg/mu each time. The nitrogen and potassium fertilizers in autumn and winter sorghum and winter and spring stalks are 6 to 7 times topdressing, and the nitrogen and potassium fertilizers in winter sorghum are 10 to 11 times topdressing.
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