On March 2nd, Zhang Chunsheng, an onion grower in the suburbs of Kaifeng, Henan province, said that the local farmers had a large area for planting onions. In his own cooperative alone, he planted 5,000 mu of onions this year. Right now, onions are about to enter the green period. Since local rains are less in the winter last year, onions have grown in general this year. They need to understand the precautions of onion festival management. To this end, the reporter contacted Prof. Zhang Lining of Qingdao Agricultural University and he consulted on this issue. Prof. Zhang Lining said that in Shandong, Hebei, Henan, and other places, planting red onions is the main method. Generally, nursery seedlings are started in September, transplanted in November, and harvested in May and June. The entire onion period of onion has a certain influence on the yield of onion, but it is especially important to strengthen the comprehensive management in spring in order to obtain a satisfactory yield. The focus of Spring Festival management should be on the scientific use of fertilizers and early prevention of pests and diseases. First, timely top dressing fertilizer. Right now, as the temperature rises gradually, the onion begins to enter the prosperous period of long leaves, the number of leaves increases rapidly, and the leaf area expands rapidly. At this time, the focus of management is to promote the vigorous growth of the leaves and lay the foundation for the expansion of the bulbs. For this purpose, timely top-dressing should be performed in water. It is recommended to pour water once every ten days or so. In combination with watering, 25-30 kg of high-nitrogen and potassium-potassium sulfate compound fertilizer should be applied per acre, with watering, with topdressing, when the plant grows. To 8-9 functional leaves, cultivating seedlings will be carried out again. It can spray American Pridon fish protein or 600 times liquid of seaweed through the foliar to promote onion bulb expansion and prevent leggy. After onset of seedlings, the onion enters the expansion of the bulb. During this period, the temperature rises, the plant grows faster, the evaporation of water begins to increase, and onion will enter a critical period of water and fertilizer management. This period of watering should be diligent, generally 5-7 days watering 1, while flushing NPK fertilization 10-15 kg fertilization or good fecal dilute 50-60 kg. When bulbs approach maturity, the physiological functions of the leaves and roots begin to decline, and watering should be gradually reduced. Watering should be stopped 7-8 days before harvest to reduce the water content in bulbs and improve the storability. In recent years, onion twitching has been more common in the spring. The main reason is that the onion belongs to the chloroplast vernalization crop. After the seedling grows to a certain size, it can effectively pass through the low-temperature vernalization stage and twitch and flower under warm and long day conditions. In general, seeding is early, seedling growth period is long, and seedlings are easily twitched; therefore, sowing time should be set within a suitable range according to the characteristics of the varieties and the local climate characteristics. Appropriate sowing dates in Shandong, Hebei and Henan should be in the period from the end of August to the middle of September, and to about 90 days before the end of November. The seedling period requires about 10 °C above the accumulated temperature of 1200 °C -1400 °C. Seedlings reach 3-4 leaves, 18-24 cm in height, and not more than 0.6 cm in diameter, which can reduce and prevent convulsions in the second spring. Second, prevention and treatment of diseases in advance disease prone to onions are anthrax, soft rot, gray mold. In order to reduce and prevent the occurrence of diseases, in addition to strengthening day-to-day management, it is mainly necessary to carry out spraying in advance through chemical control and prevention. Anthrax is a fungal disease that mainly damages leaves, stems and bulbs. On the onset of the leaves, there are spindle-to-irregular lesions on top, ranging from greyish brown to brown, with many small black spots. After the lesions are enlarged, the upper leaves die. When the temperature is around 20°C, the disease becomes severe under high humidity conditions. In general white skin species are more severe than red skin species and yellow skin species. Chemical control: 75% Dakkonen wettable powder 600 times, 10% Shihai water dispersible granules 1500 times or 70% thiophanate-methyl 500 times liquid and fish protein 600 times, spraying once every 7-10 days Spray 2-3 times. Onion soft rot is a bacterial disease. It can be diseased both during onion bulb expansion and during storage. The main symptom is the softening of the base of the leaf sheath and the collapse of the outer leaf. At the beginning of the disease, streptomycin for agriculture or 4000 times for neophytin and 600 times for Plunder Fish Protein can be used. Once in 5-7 days, it can be sprayed 1-2 times. Onychomycosis is a fungal disease, and the growth period mostly occurs from the bulb neck and sheath. The main symptoms of the disease: In a humid environment, there is a layer of gray mold. Prevention methods can be used 40% Shijiale suspension 1000 times or 40% Shijiale 1200 times or farmer orchard (prochlorant) 600-1000 times the liquid, spray every 7-10 days, even spray 2-3 times.
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