In order to be an effective bridge between experts and readers and zero-distance communication, the experts can deliver the latest achievements of agricultural science and technology to the readers at the first time, so that the readers can be more authoritative to solve problems in agricultural production. From this issue, the topic of planting heaven and earth will set up a section entitled “Agricultural Experts Lecture Hallâ€, and publish agricultural experts (agricultural researchers in colleges and universities, technical backbones of agricultural units) on the latest and most scientific and empirical practices for agricultural management from time to time, how to scientifically produce in different agricultural seasons. The technical guidance, as well as the latest scientific research results suitable for promotion and application, please pay attention.
Maize is a major food crop and an important feed crop, medicine, and light industrial raw materials. In recent years, with the increasing demand for corn, the sown area of ​​corn has become larger and larger, and the output has also been getting higher and higher. The income of farmers is getting higher and higher and the economic benefits are getting better and better. At present, it is the crucial period for the preparation of spring corn and the key to ensuring the preservation of corn before sowing has played an important role in increasing grain production in Shaanxi Province this year. How to solve the drought in spring sowing corn to obtain high yields and stable yields.
After more than 30 years of observation on dryland farmland relying on natural precipitation in Heyang, the changes in soil moisture within one year are basically two periods of water storage period and water loss period. The period of increase in soil moisture is in the rainy period from the end of June to the beginning of October in the solar calendar. From September to early October, it is a period of high water storage; from mid-October to mid-June, the period of reduction of precipitation is the soil. Evaporation water loss period, from mid-October to mid-November, is a period of moderate water loss. In late November, as the temperature decreases, the soil freezes, and in late February of the following year, it is a period of low dehydration, from early March to early In June, as the intensity of solar radiation increases and the temperature rises, the evaporation of soil water increases, reaching a period of high water loss. 70% of the effective water above 60 cm will be lost through evaporation during this period. The sowing of the spring sowing crops from April to May is in a period of high water loss, which generally poses a serious threat to seeding, seedling growth and robust seedling growth. This phenomenon is particularly serious in areas with large evaporation below 800 meters above sea level. In order to solve the above problems, we have experimented for many years and proposed to break up the straw during the period from late September to early October after the harvest of the previous crop to engage in “full coverage of stubble left by tillage and no tillageâ€, or to evaporate large amounts of soil from late February to early March. Before the water loss, the “full coverage of black membranes with double furrows†was carried out to reduce soil evaporation and water loss and store water for jointing, tasseling and flowering of corn. From the experiment of black mulch film covering in Ganjing, the spring temperature of mulching film is consistent with that of exposed casual ground temperature, which has no effect on the growth of corn seedlings, but because more soil moisture is conserved than bare leisure, sufficient water and fertilizer are provided to satisfy the sowing and The seedling growth needs, the seedlings grow robustly, the rods are thick and leafy, and the jointing and tasseling and flowering are not affected. For example, in 2013, the yield per mu reached 896.3 kg, which was 19.2% higher than bare-leaved conventional cultivation methods, and 15.2% higher than that covered with white plastic film. And black plastic film covering, not long weeds, no spraying, saving investment, reducing spraying labor, do not open the film, not to break the film, so that a substantial reduction in evaporation. The white membrane warms and retains water. When the water and fertilizer are sufficient and the temperature is high, a large number of weed seeds germinate and grow quickly. It is easy to open the membrane, and it is punctured and broken. It is easy to be opened by the wind and the soil moisture at the membrane is opened. A lot of evaporation, due to lack of water affect the growth of corn plants, resulting in irregular growth, baldness, and reduced production.
After our experiments in recent years, the soil covered with black mulch immediately after thawing in late February and early March not only shortened the evaporation time, but also saved much moisture and the soil moisture was high. Well, the membrane can be pressed and compacted, and will not be lifted under the action of strong winds. During the sowing, the cover film will be evaporated due to the soil moisture in March and April. It will often be dry due to lack of water in the soil. The film slides down, so that the film is opened under the strong wind tension, resulting in bare evaporation, so that the joint production of corn, tasseling, and flowering due to lack of soil water production. At the same time, in the case of low temperature in the early spring, the losses associated with site preparation, fertilization, coating, and evaporation of water are also reduced.
Therefore, it is recommended that black mulch be covered with double ridge furrows in the beginning of March in early February to protect the bottom slops and snow and rain falling in mid-February this year, in order to solve the problems of sowing, promoting seedling, jointing, tasselling and flowering of spring corn. Inadequacies, increase corn production, increase the income of the people provide protection. The specific approach is: Immediately after soil thawing, the land preparation is combined with 50 kg of diammonium and 70 kg of urea in the site preparation, 60 cm spacing, mechanical repair of double furrows, 80 cm wide black mulch, membrane and membrane joints. Soil compaction, compaction, and multi-pressure soil are used to prevent the membrane from being opened by the wind, and the multi-pressure soil is left as a hole in the ridge pit when sowed. In order to prevent runoff, the film is pressed on the film and the cover is pressed. Use a timely sowing device with a spotter, two holes per hole, and take the soil pressure hole on the soil ridges on the edge of the membrane. When the seedlings emerge quickly, crush and cover the holes on the holes to allow the soil to emerge.
Maize is a major food crop and an important feed crop, medicine, and light industrial raw materials. In recent years, with the increasing demand for corn, the sown area of ​​corn has become larger and larger, and the output has also been getting higher and higher. The income of farmers is getting higher and higher and the economic benefits are getting better and better. At present, it is the crucial period for the preparation of spring corn and the key to ensuring the preservation of corn before sowing has played an important role in increasing grain production in Shaanxi Province this year. How to solve the drought in spring sowing corn to obtain high yields and stable yields.
After more than 30 years of observation on dryland farmland relying on natural precipitation in Heyang, the changes in soil moisture within one year are basically two periods of water storage period and water loss period. The period of increase in soil moisture is in the rainy period from the end of June to the beginning of October in the solar calendar. From September to early October, it is a period of high water storage; from mid-October to mid-June, the period of reduction of precipitation is the soil. Evaporation water loss period, from mid-October to mid-November, is a period of moderate water loss. In late November, as the temperature decreases, the soil freezes, and in late February of the following year, it is a period of low dehydration, from early March to early In June, as the intensity of solar radiation increases and the temperature rises, the evaporation of soil water increases, reaching a period of high water loss. 70% of the effective water above 60 cm will be lost through evaporation during this period. The sowing of the spring sowing crops from April to May is in a period of high water loss, which generally poses a serious threat to seeding, seedling growth and robust seedling growth. This phenomenon is particularly serious in areas with large evaporation below 800 meters above sea level. In order to solve the above problems, we have experimented for many years and proposed to break up the straw during the period from late September to early October after the harvest of the previous crop to engage in “full coverage of stubble left by tillage and no tillageâ€, or to evaporate large amounts of soil from late February to early March. Before the water loss, the “full coverage of black membranes with double furrows†was carried out to reduce soil evaporation and water loss and store water for jointing, tasseling and flowering of corn. From the experiment of black mulch film covering in Ganjing, the spring temperature of mulching film is consistent with that of exposed casual ground temperature, which has no effect on the growth of corn seedlings, but because more soil moisture is conserved than bare leisure, sufficient water and fertilizer are provided to satisfy the sowing and The seedling growth needs, the seedlings grow robustly, the rods are thick and leafy, and the jointing and tasseling and flowering are not affected. For example, in 2013, the yield per mu reached 896.3 kg, which was 19.2% higher than bare-leaved conventional cultivation methods, and 15.2% higher than that covered with white plastic film. And black plastic film covering, not long weeds, no spraying, saving investment, reducing spraying labor, do not open the film, not to break the film, so that a substantial reduction in evaporation. The white membrane warms and retains water. When the water and fertilizer are sufficient and the temperature is high, a large number of weed seeds germinate and grow quickly. It is easy to open the membrane, and it is punctured and broken. It is easy to be opened by the wind and the soil moisture at the membrane is opened. A lot of evaporation, due to lack of water affect the growth of corn plants, resulting in irregular growth, baldness, and reduced production.
After our experiments in recent years, the soil covered with black mulch immediately after thawing in late February and early March not only shortened the evaporation time, but also saved much moisture and the soil moisture was high. Well, the membrane can be pressed and compacted, and will not be lifted under the action of strong winds. During the sowing, the cover film will be evaporated due to the soil moisture in March and April. It will often be dry due to lack of water in the soil. The film slides down, so that the film is opened under the strong wind tension, resulting in bare evaporation, so that the joint production of corn, tasseling, and flowering due to lack of soil water production. At the same time, in the case of low temperature in the early spring, the losses associated with site preparation, fertilization, coating, and evaporation of water are also reduced.
Therefore, it is recommended that black mulch be covered with double ridge furrows in the beginning of March in early February to protect the bottom slops and snow and rain falling in mid-February this year, in order to solve the problems of sowing, promoting seedling, jointing, tasselling and flowering of spring corn. Inadequacies, increase corn production, increase the income of the people provide protection. The specific approach is: Immediately after soil thawing, the land preparation is combined with 50 kg of diammonium and 70 kg of urea in the site preparation, 60 cm spacing, mechanical repair of double furrows, 80 cm wide black mulch, membrane and membrane joints. Soil compaction, compaction, and multi-pressure soil are used to prevent the membrane from being opened by the wind, and the multi-pressure soil is left as a hole in the ridge pit when sowed. In order to prevent runoff, the film is pressed on the film and the cover is pressed. Use a timely sowing device with a spotter, two holes per hole, and take the soil pressure hole on the soil ridges on the edge of the membrane. When the seedlings emerge quickly, crush and cover the holes on the holes to allow the soil to emerge.
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