The cultivation and management of edible fungus should grasp the following principles: First, ensure the safety of raw materials, including the safety of sawdust, cottonseed hulls, bran, crop stalks, earth-covering materials and various added components as culture medium, and after contamination with bacteria Raw materials and contaminated parts cannot be re-used for cultivation to prevent the accumulation of harmful components. Second, the environmental hygiene and water quality standards of the selected cultivation sites should meet the environmental and water quality requirements of food production. The water directly sprayed on the mushroom should conform to the Drinking water standards; Third, prevention and control of pests and production and processing of the environment should be implemented in order to prevent the main, and pesticides should not be directly sprayed to the mushroom body. When it is necessary to use drugs, it is necessary to use low-toxicity and high-efficiency biological reagents, and the time when the drugs are used, and the dosage should follow the standards for the safe use of pesticides. The specific measures are as follows:
Cultivation environment surrounding environment selection Edible mushroom cultivation field should be selected far away from possible pollution, the surrounding environment meets the requirements of food hygiene, no harm to human health, no pollution sources and dust, and cultivation fields should be selected in the surrounding areas of towns and towns. The residential areas and main roads of the highways must also prevent the pollution caused by harmful waste, waste water and excessive crowd activities of urban household waste.
The choice of topography and landforms The ideal place for mushroom cultivation should be chosen in a location that faces south to the south, has open terrain, clean water, and rich cultivation resources, and is conducive to the circulation of air and the growth and reproduction of aerobically edible fungi.
The selection of raw materials The artificially cultivated edible fungi are all saprophytic bacteria, and they are cultivated using the main raw material of agriculture and forestry as the raw material. The selection of pollution-free raw materials is an important basic link to prevent the contamination of edible fungus products. For wood chips as the main raw material for cultivation, the safety of raw materials should be tested in advance. If the pesticide residue exceeds the standard, the residual content can be reduced by using water immersion and fermentation methods. The main raw materials for the cultivation of dung grass, there are many opportunities for contamination, such as pesticide residues, heavy metals such as cadmium, should be tested before the cultivation of the relevant components of various raw materials, the selection of raw materials with low content of harmful ingredients for the culture substrate .
Control of raw material processing and preparation process Strictly control the processing environment, do not subject the raw material processing process to intrusion of harmful substances, such as preventing the mixing of harmful oil pollution in the processing and crushing process, and preventing the mixing of wood chips containing aromatic species; the components of the medium should be The safe raw materials are strictly formulated according to the culture medium. The ingredients that are considered to increase production, such as fertilizers and nutrients, cannot be added arbitrarily. The tools and machinery used should be safe and hygienic appliances.
Control of cultivated varieties and cultivation patterns There are nearly 50 kinds of edible fungi and medicinal bacteria that can be artificially cultivated, and there are nearly 100 species that can be cultivated into artificial cultivation. Because of the suitable temperature, humidity, and growth rate of mycelium growth, there are differences in the speed and assimilation ability of the external substances. Some varieties have strong ability to enrich certain metals, and some varieties themselves. Formaldehyde is produced in metabolism. If there are special requirements for certain ingredients, consider the nutritive and metabolic characteristics of various varieties of edible fungi.
The control of the cultivation management process is mainly the quality control of the water quality and the hygiene of the harvesting equipment. The water quality directly sprayed on the fruiting body must meet the drinking water standards, and the water quality of the infusion bag must at least meet the livestock drinking water standards. For harvesting utensils, it should meet the hygiene requirements for food raw materials, including the health of the harvester, and special gloves should be worn when special types are harvested.
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