Although wheat is a low-temperature-resistant crop, once it exceeds the range of wheat growth and development, it will cause freezing damage. This is due to the combination of weak cold resistance of wheat itself and external low temperatures, especially the wheat's tillering period. If the remedial and defensive measures are not effective, it will cause serious production cuts.
Freezing Cause
The external conditions of wheat freeze injury are low temperatures. Cold wave is the main climatic factor that causes cold damage. The so-called cold wave refers to the large-scale invasion of cold air in the north, that is, the temperature dropped by more than 10C within 24 hours and the minimum temperature was below 5C. This year's wheat will suffer from various unfavorable factors, which can be roughly divided into three aspects:
The first is cold and warm fusion. On November 28th to 29th and December 2nd, 2013, due to the influence of strong cold air at the end of the fall, the temperature difference in 24 hours was as high as 19C, which caused a considerable part of the wheat that had been growing in a warm and rich environment to suffer freezing damage. The development of roots and delivery have been restricted to varying degrees.
The second is the farming factor. The main part is that some straws are returned to the field and rice and wheat are not matched and the agricultural machinery operations are not matched. Straw stalks are not evenly returned to the farm or are not repressed in time after returning to the field. Many kinds of wheat seeds are not true, and all of them cannot be rooted in the ground to form vacant seedlings. , stem shoots, severely affected by freezing.
The third is the dry weather. Since the autumn sowing, the amount of rainfall is less, soil moisture has fallen below 50% of the maximum water capacity in the field, relative air humidity is only between 20% and 30%, and wheat is currently in the tillering stage. Soil drought has been formed. Affected the root activity of wheat, resulting in slow delivery, and caused physiological disorders such as leaves and other functional organs, resulting in a serious shortage of stems.
According to meteorological forecast, there will be super cool air southwards and there will be no obvious rainfall, which will have a very negative impact on the normal growth and development of wheat. In order to ensure safe wheat wintering, various countermeasures must be taken to minimize losses. Change.
Remedy and Defense
1. Top dressing. Because of wheat's tillering characteristics, it has a strong recovery compensation ability after being chilled. In particular, before the jointing, the remedial measures should be based on the severity of the cold injury. Generally, the recovery of fertilizer urea from 5 to 15 kg per mu can be achieved.
2. Make up water. Conditional farmland can play the role of the three ditch. Full irrigation can be carried out; small water can also be poured and poured to improve soil structure, increase soil fertility and water retention capacity, relieve drought, and promote normal growth and development of wheat.
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