Grape pruning in winter is a very important task in grape production. The main purpose of winter cutting is to prune the juvenile tree, and to maintain the result or promote the result. In order to better play the role of grapevine shear, the essentials of winter pruning in the grape results park are summarized as follows:
1. Winter cut time. In the southern region, it is generally appropriate to perform one to two weeks before the onset of the injury from the beginning of New Year's Day. At this time, when the plants are completely deciduous, they enter the natural dormancy stage and the nutrients stored in the body are moved from mature shoots to old vines and roots.
2. The determination of shoot quality. (1) Look at the distance from the branches: stay away from the base, cut away the branches far away; (2) look at the winter buds: leave the buds full, cut sharp, small; (3) look skin: leave branches Dark-skinned, light-skinned, green shoots; (4) See pith: leave branches small and pith to large; (5) look at the size: stay thick, go to small, Thin branches; (6) Look at the length of the internodes: leave short internodes and go to branches that are too long; (7) Look at the extension of the branches: leave curved, go upright branches; (8) See the disease : Choose robust, disease-free shoots and diseased shoots.
3. Determination of the trimming method. (1) Pruning of short shoots: 1 to 2 buds are cut, mainly used as pruning of the ready branches; (2) Short pruning: 3 to 4 buds are cut off, such as seedless varieties of Xiaheiwu, Victoria, and ruby; 3) Pruning in the tip: Cut 5 to 7 buds, such as Kyoho and Gavia, etc.; (4) Pruning: Cut 8 to 12 buds, like red earth; (5) Pole trimming: Clipping 13 buds Above, such as the beauty refers. (The pruning methods of the above varieties are based on the performance characteristics of the varieties in the local flower bud differentiation, the experience accumulated over many years of practice, for reference.)
4. Determine the amount of sticking (bud). Most of the grape varieties in winter are usually about twice as long as summer. On this basis, the general general requirement is that a result tree is located closest to the trunk, leaving one preparatory branch on each of the two arms for short shearing, resulting in 8 to 12 parental branches per plant. According to the characteristics of the species, tree vigor, age and other factors to determine. The results of European and American hybrids are generally based on short shoots and middle tips.
5. Shearing position. Generally, it is cut at a distance of 2 to 3 centimeters from the cut-off bud. If it is too close, the cut-out bud will die due to the drying and water loss in winter.
6. Clear Garden should be timely. The large and small branches and branches cut in the garden should be cleared out of the park in time to reduce the source of damage.
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