Phenological period: Sprout is the sign of growth from dormancy to growth during the annual growth and development of apple trees. The germination period of apple in northern Anhui usually flows from early in March to sapling in early April.
Physiological characteristics: In the budding stage, the growth and development of the apple is mainly to consume storage nutrients, and the root activity is earlier than the shoot bud on the ground. With the growth of roots and the increase of temperature, the sap is transported and the buds gradually enlarge and blew. The flower bud differentiation depends on the consumption of storage nutrients before flowering to form pollen and embryo sac and other sexual organs.
Management objectives: Minimize nutrient depletion, and promote the formation of stable fruit and fruit.
1 Skillful fertilizer
1.1 Early application of basal fertiliser If no basal orchard is applied, basal fertilizer should be applied ahead of time in accordance with the principle of “organic-based, organic-inorganic combinationâ€. The application amount should be applied in accordance with the production of 0.50 kg of fruit for 2 times organic manure, 100 kg of fruit mixed with 4 to 6 kg of Qin V8 and fertilized special microbial compound fertilizer.
1.2 The pre-budding budding stage is the first critical period for the annual water demand and demand of fruit trees. In combination with spring irrigation, appropriate nitrogen fertilizer is applied to the radial trees in excess trees, which can increase the fruit setting rate and contribute to the formation of “big, thick, brightâ€. Green, efficient leaves.
1.3 Coated with high-quality amino acid compound fertilizer with amino fertilizer has multiple functions such as "nutritive, quick, nourishing and easy to use". It can be applied 20% to 4 times every 7-10 days before and after germination to apply 20% or 4 times of "Qiru" amino acid fertilizer. The need for organic nutrition in the bud.
2 Spring shearing buds
2.1 Don't mean that the strong vegetative branches on the back should be underneath the adjacent main branch axis to change the vegetative growth advantage and promote the early transformation of pregnant flowers.
2.2 The engraved shoots are budding and branching in the bald area of ​​the branch axis. Operational methods: lateral buds are carved in front of buds and back buds are carved in buds; weak buds are carved in early, near and deep, and full buds are carved late, distant, and shallow.
2.3 Cuts that are ring cuts cause restraints. Operational skills: apple garden laying reflective film technology Wang Wang circumcision at the base of 1 to 3 laps, back Wang Wang in the branch after the ring cut 1 to 3 laps, trigger hair restraints.
2.4 Tweezing means to remove the top leaf buds of Wangzhi and Xuwang branches, promote the growth of the top buds, and increase the number of medium and short shoot buds.
2.5 Twist is the intermittent flexing and twisting slender virtual Wang branches, inhibiting the growth of the top buds, before and after the suppression.
2.6 Cut the trees with excess flowers, cut off the flower segments and long fruiting branches of varieties such as "Yimei" and "Gula", and promote the sprouting of the rear leaf buds. A weak tree with a small amount of flowers can truncate the thin and weak branches to the strong buds and promote the formation of appropriate quality flower buds.
2.7 Sparsely remove weak shoots and weak branches, rejuvenate the result and form a high-quality branch with good buds and full flowers.
3 Qingyuan pest prevention
3.1 The reduction of the “zero†base of Qingyuan Park means that the branches, leaves, and fruits of the pests and diseases in the clean orchard can effectively reduce the annual base number of diseases and insects.
3.2 Early prevention and treatment of trees
Formula One: 21% Wang Quan (peracetic acid) or 45% Ai Dei (400) and +40% (800%)
Formula II: 25% Fuquan (Myclobutanil EC) + 48% Ray Roll (Chlorpyrifos) or 42% Shuai (Avi chlorpyrifos EC) 1000 times
Description: Wang Quan and Au Lei on the eradication of rot disease effects, the special effects of shell insects on shell insects, myclobutanil specific effects of powdery mildew, lightning volume and Zheng Shuai special effects on cotton, formula can be based on their respective orchard pests and diseases to deploy. Because there is no leaf in the bud, it is better to use a single sprayer to spray carefully. The fruit liquid of 667 m2 in the fruit period is about 100 kg.
3.3 667 m2 soil treatment after clearing with 3% Helicfer Budweiser granules 3 ~ 5 kg of soil treatment, killing beetles, cotton worms, woodworms, borers and other underground pests.
4 Antifreeze and disaster reduction
Frost has been the most serious natural disaster affecting apple production in recent years. Radiation frost generally only occurs in the early morning hours of frost, and the cooling rate is -1 °C to -2 °C. We have 3 points in the production of effective measures to prevent disasters. Application can reduce the damage.
Pruning and avoiding frost: Radiant frost occurs when the air is at rest, and the gradient of cold air sinks is lighter and lighter. By pruning, pruning orchard closure, leaving adequate ventilation belts, proper raising of trunk and resulting height of main branch, maintaining air circulation, reducing cold air easily accumulate near-ground parts of the lower result branches, can reduce the hazard.
Smoke smoke warming method: The critical temperature of freezing damage during apple flower buds is -2.8 °C to -1.7 °C, and the fruitless scale insect harmless comprehensive prevention and control technology smokes in the orchard during nights with dangerous frost, which can reduce the radiation of soil heat and smoke. The water vapor can be condensed into liquid and emit heat to increase the temperature. Smoke in the early morning can make the orchard's microclimate temperature 1 °C ~ 1.5 °C higher than the outside world. The specific method is to use flammable wheat straw, etc. to be layered and cross-laminated with moist wheat clothing, grass roots, sawdust, etc., and covered with a layer of soil. Smoke piles should be distributed around and inside the orchard. The top of the wind should be denser to facilitate rapid development of the entire park. The size of the heap generally does not exceed 1 m. In the forecast frost occurred (probability of frost in Minbei production area was between April 8th and April 15th) at about 2 o'clock in the morning, and the same zone of fruit and agricultural joint action had the best effect.
Medicinal fertilizer resistance method: when the temperature suddenly drops, the direct effect is not the flower itself, but the freezing of flower cells to directly destroy the protoplasm. Increasing the concentration of the cell fluid can reduce the freezing point and prevent the cells from freezing. Production surveys have shown that the use of hormone-free amino acid compound fertilizers before the budding is better for antifreeze and strong flowers. Sprout budding stage or frozen inflorescence after the separation stage can be used 3.60 % Baofeng Ling 600 times or 1000 times Jinyun Da 120 and Fu Road boron 600 times spray to improve the resistance of flowers and trees.
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