A. Feeding Piglets and Nursery Houses Winter Feeding Management
The physiological characteristics of newborn piglets: low gastric acid secretion, low protease activity, low protein digestibility, low intestinal bacteriostatic effect, easy to cause diarrhea, newborn piglet has thin subcutaneous fat, poor thermal insulation performance, and its own regulatory function is not perfect. In winter, under cold stress, piglets seldom lick milk due to cold, pig hairs stand up, muscles tremble, they cannot eat enough colostrum, they do not have enough maternal antibody protection, they lack antigens, and they are susceptible to diseases. The piglets are prone to frostbite or freezing in the cold winter; therefore, after the piglets are born, they should wipe the mucus of the oral cavity and nasal cavity as soon as possible, cut the canine teeth, eat the colostrum, put the piglets into the incubator, and put the grass in the incubator. The temperature should be 28 ~ 30 °C, after a week to 26 ~ 28 °C; birthplace and incubator should pay special attention to the temperature to be stable, remember not to flicker. The sheds are kept dry and sanitary to prevent “thieves†from invading and closing doors and windows. Good iron supplementation and selenium supplementation for newborn pigs aged 3 days. 5 to 7 days old to feed high quality feed. Winter sow weaning allows the sow to leave the production house, and the piglet is still maintained in the original circle to reduce the weaning stress of the piglet. After weaning, piglets can be appropriately increased in stocking density in winter so that they can be warmed to each other's body temperature. The number of piglets fed after winter weaning can be increased by 10 to 11 points at night. Each time piglets are seasoned with warm water, the paste is applied. To increase feed intake and disease resistance of piglets.
Second, finishing pigs winter feeding and management
Finishing pigs should have a reasonable captive density in the winter and can use effective space to reduce the cost of raising pigs. If the rearing density is too high, the finishing pigs will cause evils due to the narrow space, such as excreting excrement, tailing, and crowding. On the other hand, lying, rough hair, reduced activity, increased excretion in the nest, and increased feed intake in order to maintain body temperature, but the feed conversion rate decreased, increased the cost of farming and the occurrence of the epidemic; pay attention to the ventilation of the housing Gas, keep the pens clean and dry, the suitable growth temperature for finishing pigs is 18～23°C. Due to the low temperature in winter, the pig will consume some energy to keep the cold, and the proportion of energy feed in the feed can be properly increased, and the corn can be increased to more than 60%. , can also be appropriate to add some oil and fat raw materials. Appropriate increase in the amount of vitamins added in winter fattening diets, improve the resistance of pigs and anti-stress ability. Under the premise of maintaining appropriate temperature, a reasonable increase in ventilation. It can be ventilated for about 30 minutes every day between 11 am and 1 pm, which can significantly reduce the infection of various respiratory diseases.
Third, sow winter feeding management
1. Reserve sows. In winter, gilts are cold due to cold weather, lack of light, lack of exercise, often occur estrus delayed, in order to reduce the impact of low temperatures in winter on gilts, feeding and management can take some measures, such as: more feed vitamin A , vitamin E green feed and carrots to promote its timely heat; under the premise of good cold and warm, more gilts exercise, contact with the sun; according to weight and moisture conditions timely breeding, can not be overweight or slender; case of estrus Obvious or not estrus can be used to promote estrus with pregnant hormones, PG600 and other hormones, all hormones used to deal with heat, it is recommended that the day before mating, intramuscular injection of ovulation on the 3rd, the effect of pregnancy will be more significant.
2. Pregnant sows. The main reason why the sows in winter have a greater impact on pregnant sows is that after sow cold stress, sows will have different degrees of “hypothermal disease†(body temperature less than 38°C) and “constipationâ€. When sows are cold, they are protected against cold. Blood vessels shrink and blood circulation decreases. Intestinal constipation is as the fetus grows, squeezing the peristaltic space of the intestine, coupled with the low temperature in winter, slow gastrointestinal motility, functional disorders, pregnant sows in cold stress for a long time in winter, may lead to spontaneous Abortion and sensation are too thin, body condition drops, resistance is poor, and disease is induced. In order to allow pregnant sows to have more embryos implanted in the first trimester of pregnancy, the sow should reduce the amount of feeding to increase the number of embryos in the first three weeks after mating; during the second and third trimester of pregnancy, due to increased exercise to prevent the occurrence of constipation, Feed the diet to increase the proportion of crude fiber feed, such as: grass powder, alfalfa, bran and so on. Gradually reduce the amount of feeding for the first three days of delivery to limit the phenomenon of postpartum sows not feeding. It is necessary to ensure that the pig house is dry, prevent the wet from slipping on the road, and cause the miscarriage caused by the fall of the sow. In winter, because of the cold weather, the capillaries on the pig's body contract, resulting in a decrease in the secretion of normal lipids. The hoof shells are not protected by toughness, elasticity is reduced, brittleness increases, and hoof cracking often occurs. Vitamin H and methionine are added to the feed. Zinc can effectively reduce the sow cracking in winter sows.
3. Nursing sows. Nursing sows in particular in the winter to do a good job of insulation, according to the actual situation can be used geothermal, heating or heaters, etc., but the insulation at the same time to ensure the ventilation of the piggery, sow bedding to be replaced. The nutrition of the nursing sows in winter must be comprehensive, in order to prevent the impact of cold stress on the nursing sows, it is recommended that the nursing sows feed into a thin paste with warm water, which will greatly increase the intake and lactation of lactating sows .
Fourth, disinfection
Disinfection is an important part of the epidemic prevention work on pig farms. In the cold and cold winter environment, many pathogenic microorganisms are dormant and have strong resistance to the disinfection of the external environment. Therefore, when disinfecting a pig house, it is necessary to increase the temperature in the pig house to activate pathogenic microorganisms. Play the role of sterilization and disinfection, commonly used disinfectants, there are many disinfectants required to be completely dissolved in a moderate temperature conditions, in order to fully play its role in disinfection. Therefore, the winter preparation of disinfectant water needs to be prepared with warm water. In the cold winter season, the pig houses are generally closed. Most of the ventilation in the pig houses is relatively poor. At this time, the requirements for disinfecting the pigs with disinfectants are odor-free, non-irritating, non-toxic and harmless to the pigs, and the oxides can be used. Ammonium disinfectants, such disinfectants also have the role of deodorization, dust removal and air purification.
In short, after heavy snowfall in winter, we must pay attention to keeping pigs cold and warm, strengthen nutrition and management, in order to ensure safe wintering of the herd.
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