The cost of raising pigs depends to a large extent on the farm's ability to manage the disease. In the pig raising process, whether it is small-scale breeding or modern large-scale feeding mode, controlling various diseases is always the most challenging task. This article is based on the author's relationship with pig health in pigs in Australia and the cost of pigs for reference by Chinese counterparts.
Impact of reproductive diseases on pig raising costs
Breeding is one of the most critical aspects of farm management. The reproductive efficiency mainly depends on the fertilization rate, the number of pig litters littered, and the number of days of empty space. These production measures are influenced by sow management, nutrition, genetics, disease, boar fertility, sperm quality, environment and management factors. Production problems such as feeding strategies, stress, seasonal problems, reproductive structure and hygiene also affect sow reproductive performance. In Australia, Europe and the United States, the reproductive fertility rate of most farms is between 70% and 90%, and the litter size ranges from 11 to 13 litters. The survival rate is above 92%. Sows management programs such as uterine pretreatment, boar collection and treatment before and after insemination, ensuring proper sow size (body weight and back fat), and pregnancy and pregnancy, and all aspects of the nutrition program for sows have a significant effect on the sow's breeding ability. Influence.
The key reasons that affect reproductive efficiency are various diseases related to reproduction. In order to determine the causes of poor reproductive efficiency, farm managers must be familiar with and understand the various diseases affecting reproductive performance. Common diseases are Leptospira, parvovirus, pseudorabies virus, and PRRS. To treat reproductive diseases, not only to identify and treat the pathogen, but also to find possible ways to cause infection. Treatment options included the use of chlortetracycline (600 ppm for lactation, 1200 ppm for gestation), or postpartum intramuscular injection of prostaglandin F2a to prevent residual fetal membrane infections, and the use of various vaccines.
Due to the increased reproductive capacity of pigs, the number of litters per litter increases, the number of required sows decreases and the fixed cost of rearing of sows decreases. However, due to the increase in the number of litters per litter, there may be insufficient space and the resulting slowing down of growth, the need for additional labor and slaughter may decrease (often reducing profits).
Impact of respiratory diseases on pig raising costs
Respiratory diseases reduce production and meat production by 10% to 15%, and the extent of the effect varies depending on the pig production system, pathogen, and administration schedule. Pathogens that cause respiratory diseases include Mycoplasma, Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae, and PRRS virus.
They can cause rupture of the lungs, pleurisy, and abscesses. Production management methods (such as all-in/all-out), early isolation and weaning, ventilation status, and population density all affect the spread of disease among different herds or groups of pigs. Vaccination can prevent or delay the occurrence of respiratory diseases. Inoculation with mycoplasma vaccines and pleuropulmonary actinomycete vaccines have a significant effect on improving the overall performance of herds. In a trial of mycoplasma vaccination, pigs vaccinated had improved production efficiency by 31.1% compared to unvaccinated pigs.
The pork produced can better meet market needs. Antibiotics such as tetracycline and tylosin are commonly used to treat clinically symptomatic pigs and are fed to animals by injection or feed or water. The trial had used chlortetracycline (15 mg/kg body weight) mixed with feed to feed pigs to control mycoplasma disease. As a result, treated pigs (105 g) weighed 23 kg more than untreated pigs (82 g) at 220 weeks of slaughter. Taking into account the drug costs spent, producers still receive an input-output ratio of 1:8.5. The impact of digestive diseases on pig raising costs
Gastrointestinal diseases can occur in pigs with pathogenic bacteria at any age and these diseases can affect pigs of different ages. Newly weaned piglets are infected with different serotypes of E. coli. Pigs infected 10 days to 14 days were infected with coccidiosis.
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