1, the amount of banana fertilizer
According to the research, each banana plant needs 150.5 grams of nitrogen, 40.7 grams of phosphorus, and 561 grams of potassium per year. But the plants can only absorb part of the fertilizer, of which nitrogen accounts for 50% of the fertilizer (also known as only 1/4), potassium accounts for 50% of the fertilizer, and phosphorus accounts for only 20% to 30% of the fertilizer, that is to say, The applied nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers are lost from 50% to 80% or fixed by soil. Therefore, the amount of fertilizer should include the amount of plant absorption and loss or the total of the two fixed. To determine the reasonable amount of fertilizer used in the park, local climate conditions must also be considered. The garden's soil structure and fertility, as well as the availability of water, production goals (that is, yield per unit area, single or banana planting, new planting or perennial), planting density, variety type, management level and other factors. For example, Hainan Province has to use less fertilizer than Guangxi, and more potassium should be used for soils that lack potassium. The level of fertilization that requires high yield and high quality must be higher than that of general production. The Pearl River Delta in Jiaoyuan, Guangdong. When the yield is to reach 30,000-45,000 kg/ha (2000-3000 kg/mu), it requires 518-823g nitrogen, 186-297g phosphorus, and 750-1185g fertilizer per year.
2, the banana fertilizer three elements ratio
Different proportions of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in fertilizers will affect the absorption, growth and development of bananas for nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium. The author integrated the experience of banana formula fertilization in Guangdong, Guangxi, Fujian, Taiwan and other provinces in recent years, that the effect of good fertilization, the ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and three elements should be 1:0.2 ~ 0.5: 1.1 ~ 2.0 to determine the banana The reasonable ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium should also accomplish the following two points:
1 It must be based on the content of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in the soil, especially the content of potassium, and the ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium; the soil is rich in potassium (over 0.06% exchangeable potassium) should be 1 : 0.3:0.5, which is rich in potassium (exchangeable potassium 0.025%-0.059%) should be 1:0.3:1, potassium medium (exchangeable potassium 0.015%-0.0249%) should be 1:0.3:1.1- 1.3, low potassium content (exchangeable potassium 0.0075% ~ 0.0149%) should be 1: 0.3: 1.4 ~ 1.7, low potassium (exchangeable potassium is only 0.0075% or less) should be l: 0.3: 1.8 ~ 2.0.
2 must be based on the different growth and development of bananas. According to the analysis of Guinea in Africa, the ratio of nitrogen to potassium is 1:1.35 to 1.6 in the early stage of flower bud differentiation, and 1:1.5 to 1.7 in the late stage of flower bud differentiation. Over or under the above ratio is unfavorable for banana growth and development.
3, banana important fertilization period
The demand for nutrients by bananas generally increases with the leaf stage. The growth and development of bananas during the 18 to 40 leaf stage play a decisive role in the production and quality of bananas, so this period is an important fertilization period for bananas. This period can be divided into two periods of vegetative growth and flower bud differentiation, and most of the fertilizer should be concentrated in these two periods.
1 During the late period of vegetative growth (18-29 leaf stages), 3 to 5 months after the spring planting of bananas, 5 to 9 months after the planting of the summer and autumn planting bananas and the hemp roots. From the perspective of the leaf shape, this period consisted of freshly drawn leaves (the new leaves that had just been extracted were mostly bent like a tiger's tail) until they entered one or two big leaves. This period is in the period of vegetative growth, with very strong requirements for nutrients, the most sensitive response, and the growth and development of banana plants is determined by the availability of fertilizers. If the heavy fertilizer is applied at this time, the banana plants will receive sufficient nutrients. The long-leaved and long-stemmed banana plants perform efficient assimilation and accumulate large amounts of organic matter, which lays a solid foundation for the differentiation of flower buds in the next stage.
2 Flower bud differentiation period (30-40 leaf stage), 5 to 7 months after the spring planting banana planting, 9 to 11 months after the planting of the summer and planting bananas and the hemp roots and bananas, and from the leaf shape, this period consists of 1-2% of the large-leaved sunflower blade with a short round, the leaf pitch turns from the most sparse, and the speed of the leaf drawing is slow; from the stem, the pseudo-stem develops to the thickest, and the bulbs begin to expose the ground and form an altar shape. Seen from the suction buds, it has entered the budding period. This period is in the process of flower bud differentiation of reproductive growth, and requires a lot of nutrients for the growth of young ears to form spikes with long spikes and large fruits. According to foreign studies, when the flower buds differentiate into flower buds at the later stage of vegetative growth, the nitrogen content in the leaves suddenly drops because at this time a large amount of nitrogen is needed to supply the flower buds for differentiation. When the root system absorbs nitrogen from the soil and it is not enough, nitrogen has to be Transferred from leaves, stems and other tissues and organs. Heavy fertilizer at this time can promote maximum assimilation of leaves, and create more organic matter for the formation and growth of young ears.
4, banana fertilizer times
Banana has the characteristics of annual growth, rapid growth, and large amount of growth. China's climate is characterized by high temperature and rainy weather during the best season for banana growth. After the application of fertilizer, it easily leaks and volatilizes. Therefore, it is imperative that bananas be fertilized. The principle of re-applying in key periods. The multiple application of fertilizer can minimize the loss, increase the utilization rate, and fully exert the fertilizer effect. For the sandy fruit garden, the effect of multiple fertilizers is more obvious. Based on the above circumstances, we believe that the number of banana fertilization is more suitable for 12 to 15 times throughout the year, including 5 times heavy fertilizer, thin fertilizer 7 to 10 times.
5, banana fertilizer types and fertilization methods
1 Fertilizer type. Banana fertilizers are divided into organic fertilizers and inorganic fertilizers. Organic Fertilizer. Organic fertilizers are organic fertilizers, including human and animal excrement, poultry, animal waste, organic matter of crops, stems and leaves, grass ash, and green manure, and alluvial deposits such as river mud, pond mud and mud. Contains more comprehensive nutritional elements. After the application of organic fertilizer can improve soil physical properties, improve soil drainage and ventilation performance, after the decomposition of soil microorganisms can increase soil humus and nutrients. The organic fertilizer is generally used as a new planting base fertilizer or early spring fertilizer and cold fertilizer. The easily decomposed bran cake fertilizer can be used as a flower bud differentiation fertilizer or a strong seedling fertilizer. Inorganic fertilizers. Most of the inorganic fertilizers are chemical fertilizers. They have high elemental contents and can be dissolved in water or weak acids. They are easily absorbed and used by bananas. The fertilizers have high and fast fertilizer effects and are easy to use. However, the improper use of some inorganic fertilizers will cause soil compaction or acid or alkali, and inorganic fertilizers and organic fertilizers can be used to overcome these problems. Banana commonly used inorganic fertilizer, nitrogen fertilizer is urea, ammonium sulfate, ammonium bicarbonate, ammonia, etc., phosphate fertilizer has superphosphate, calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer, defluorinated phosphate fertilizer and phosphate rock powder, potash potassium sulfate, potassium chloride and so on. Compound fertilizer generally contains nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium, and the ratio is usually 15:15:15. The ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium of banana BB fertilizer produced by Guangzhou Huangpu Canadian foreign-funded factory is 1:0.2:1.33.
2 fertilization methods. There are two types of banana fertilization: rhizosphere fertilization and extra-root fertilizer. Rhizosphere fertilization is the main method, supplemented with extra-root fertilizer.
The rhizosphere fertilization can be divided into liquid and dry application, while the dry application is divided into sub-application, acupoint application and furrow application. Liquid application: Liquid application The fertilizer is diluted with water and then applied. It is ready for use when it is easily dissolved. It is used for organic fertilizers such as bran cakes, humans, livestock and poultry, etc. Paste should be covered with thin soil. The advantage of liquid application is that the fertilizer is easily accessible to the root system and is easily absorbed without damaging the roots. It also functions as an irrigation agent when it is dry. Application: Spreading is to spread fertilizer on the surface of a pod, usually after the rainy season when the soil is still moist. Dry and dry soil is not suitable for spreading. If it is sunny and dry, it must be poured first. The spread must be spread evenly, and it is best to sprinkle the water once. The advantage of spreading is to save labor and expand the absorption surface, and it will be quick to see the effect of fertilizer. However, improper application may cause injury to the roots and loss of waste. In particular, when the roots of the banana root are easily uncovered from May to July, it is necessary to control the degree of fertilizer. Point application. Acupuncture is to dig a hole from 30 to 100 centimeters away from the banana plant. The depth of the hole is 15 to 23 centimeters (depending on how much the fertilizer depends on the fertilizer), the fertilizer is put into the hole and covered with soil. Dry days must be fully wetted to facilitate decomposition of fertilizers. The advantage of acupuncture is to prevent the loss of fertilizer and less fat, but the absorption surface is narrow, the fertilizer effect is slower, and the labor is more. Generally used for spring fertilizer and too cold fertilizer. Gully application: Gully is applied to a small groove of 30 cm to 100 cm from the banana plant to 1 to 2 arcs, 15 to 25 cm in width, 35 to 50 cm in length, and 8 to 15 cm in depth. The fertilizer is uniformly applied to the ditch. Then cover the soil. In addition to preventing the loss of fertilizers and fertilizers, the benefits of furrows are wider than that of acupuncture points. Fertilizer efficiency is faster than that of acupuncture points, but it is also more laborious. Generally used for spring fertilizer, autumn fertilizer and too cold fertilizer, should not be used in May to July, because banana plant fine roots throughout the park and exposed the ground, open ditch easily hurt the fine roots.
Banana top dressing is the spraying of liquid fertilizer on the leaf or fruit surface with low dependence. The advantage of dressing fertilizers from roots is that the fertilizers are easily direct to the leaves or fruits. Absorption is rapid and nutrition can be added in time to meet the demand of nutrients for growth and development of bananas. In particular, a large amount of nutrients are required for the differentiation of flower buds to the young fruit development period, and nutrients can be replenished timely by applying extra-root fertilizers to increase the yield and quality of bananas. It plays an important role. On the other hand, when the foliar and fruit surface fertilizers were sprayed, the fertilizer absorption rate could be as high as 90%, which was significantly higher than that of rhizosphere fertilization. However, there are also deficiencies in dressing topdressing outside roots. The main reason is that each time the amount of fertilizer is small, it needs to be applied multiple times, and there are more laborers.
Which kind of fertilizer is used outside the root dressing depends on the content of nutrient elements in the soil, the deficiency condition of the plant, and the different growth period of the banana. Generally, urea (biuret-free) and ternary compound fertilizer (nitrogen:phosphorus:potassium is 15) are used. : 15:15). Potassium dihydrogen phosphate, foliar fertilizers (such as foliar treasures, etc.) and various trace fertilizers (zinc sulfate, manganese sulfate, ferrous sulfate, borax, neutral copper sulfate, etc.). The use concentration should also be determined according to different fertilizer types and banana growth period. For example, urea and ternary compound fertilizer in young stage (7 to 12 leaf stage) are 150 to 250 times liquid and grow to young fruit stage (22 leaf stage to 40% fruit juice) Urea, ternary compound fertilizer is 50 to 100 times liquid, potassium dihydrogen phosphate is 250 to 350 times liquid, green wang is 800 to 1000 times liquid, magnesium sulfate is 2000 times liquid, other various micro The fertilizer (zinc sulfate, etc.) is 3000 to 5000 times liquid, and the foliar fertilizer containing auxin is 8000 to 10000 times liquid.
Outside the root dressing should also pay attention to: use spray performance good sprayer, fine and uniform fog; best 0.5% of the spread agent (such as neutral detergent); spray time is best after 4 pm .
Hand Seeder,Hand Push Seeder,Small Hand Seeder,Seeder Spreader Machine
Henan Qianli Machinery Co.,Ltd. , https://www.chalionagri.com