Bitter gourd is a typical heat-resisting summer dish, and it takes 6 to 7 months for the cultivation in the open field to be listed. It can be listed in the greenhouse for more than 1 month.
Variety selection of suitable balsam pear varieties suitable for cultivation in greenhouses: Sichuan Changbai bitter gourd, Hunan blue mountain bitter gourd, Ji'an white bitter gourd and so on.
Cultivate strong seedlings in the electric heating hotbed nursery in the greenhouse in mid-January. The bitter gourd seeds have shell-like hard shells. They need to be boiled with boiled water or warm water. When they are not hot, they are soaked for 24 to 28 hours at room temperature (around 25°C), removed, washed and wrapped at 30°C until The germination can be carried out at a temperature of 35°C for 7 to 10 days. Each 667 square meters of greenhouse needs about 200 grams of seed.
When there are 4 to 5 leaves in the middle and late February of the planting period, they are planted on a 1.2-meter-wide sorghum planted in Liangou, planted one row with a plant spacing of 0.5 meters, and planted 1,100 plants per 667 square meters.
Post-planting management:
1 greenhouse temperature control humidity. After the planting, the seedlings were kept in the greenhouse and the temperature was reduced and the seedlings were eased. The antifreeze should be warmed before the end of March and be properly ventilated during the day. Before the end of April, pay attention to insulation at night and pay attention to ventilation and humidity during the day. After May, ventilation and cooling were the main factors. Ventilation began when the temperature reached 30°C in the afternoon and stopped when the temperature in the afternoon shed fell to 25°C. In June, the greenhouse undercover membrane was removed and the roof membrane was kept rain-proof;
2 fertilizer and water management. Bitter gourd is hi and wet, and it has high yield and good quality under sufficient conditions of water and fertilizer. On the basis of applying basic fertilizer, it is necessary to strengthen fertilizer and water management. Although the bitter gourd is resistant to fertilizer, but the fungus is weak in fertility, and the fertilizer will burn the seedlings when it is a little thicker. Therefore, the top dressing should pay attention to the light weight and heavy weight. After transplanting, 10% diluted manure water can be used in the seedling stage, and 1 to 2 heavy fertilizers are applied during the vigorous growing period and flowering period of the stems and leaves, and 25 to 30 kilograms of compound fertilizer is applied per 667 square meters. Once harvested, topdressing once with a mixture of 0.2% urea and 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate. The characteristics of water management are: After the seedlings grow slowly, they can properly control the moisture and keep the soil moist. In the rainy season, the gutters shall be drained in time;
3 pruning, scaffolding. The bitter gourd has strong branching, and the cultivation density of the greenhouse is large. It is more likely to produce too dense leaves, poor ventilation and light transmission, and empty nutrient consumption, which will affect the yield and the commercial nature. Therefore, it is necessary to strengthen the pruning and cultivate it with a stand. When using vines and tendrils, take the trusses or arches and trapezoidal frames in time to introduce vines to the shelves. The bitter gourd is dominated by the main vine, and the side vines are removed. Under the condition of sufficient fertilizer and water, several side vines can also be left in the later period to increase the later yield. At the same time, old leaves and diseased leaves should be removed at any time in the middle and late stages of production to facilitate ventilation;
4 Artificially assisted pollination. Due to the low temperature of early ripening of bitter gourd, opening of the shed, low air flow in the shed, and low insect pollination, natural pollination is difficult, so artificial pollination should be used to increase the fruit-bearing rate of bitter gourd, to overcome the melon, promote melon enlargement, and increase yield.
Harvest bitter gourd for edible tender vines, 12-15 days after flowering should be harvested in time. Generally, the fruit grows up and the harvest period is appropriate when the corolla begins to dry. The early-stage planting of greenhouses began to be launched in mid-to late-April, yielding 2,500 kilograms per 667 square meters.
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